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- Basic Unit of the Human Body - Cells and Tissues
- Components of the Blood
- Types of Blood Cells
- Anatomical Planes, Terms, and Positions
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- Executive Post Graduate Program in Medical Technology
Executive Post Graduate Program in Medical Technology
Quick Facts
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Medium of instructions
English
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Mode of learning
Self study, Campus Based/Physical Classroom
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Mode of Delivery
Video and Text Based
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Course and certificate fees
certificate availability
Yes
certificate providing authority
Skill Lync
The syllabus
Course 1: Anatomy and Physiology
Module 1 - Introduction to Cells
Module 2 - Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal & Connective Tissue Systems
- Types of Connective Tissues
- Structure of Bone & Cartilage
- Bones in the Body
- Special Types of Bones
- Structure of Joints
- Structure and Types of Muscle
- Structure of Motor Unit
Module 3 - Anatomy of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems – Nose to Alveoli
- Arteries and Veins
- Components of the Blood
- Types of Blood Cells
- Blood Vessels of Various Regions in the Body
- Pericardium
- Structure & External Features of the Heart
- Chambers of the Heart
- Blood Supply to the heart
- Nasal Cavity
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchial Tree
- Lungs
- Alveoli
Module 4 - Anatomy of the Digestive System - Mouth to Large Intestine & Urogenital System
- Oral Cavity
- Pharynx
- Structure and Function of the Esophagus
- Structure and Function of the Stomach
- Structure and Function of Small Intestine
- Structure and Function of the Large Intestines
- Glands in the Digestive System
- Structure of Kidney, Ureter, and Urinary Bladder
- Male and Female External Genitalia
- Female Pelvis & Structure of Uterus, Ovary, & Fallopian Tube
- Male Pelvis & Structure of Prostate Gland and Testis
Module 5 - Anatomy of the Nervous System & Special Senses
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Coverings of Brain
- Sulci & Gyri and Functional Areas of the Brain
- Ventricles of the Brain
- Blood Supply of the Brain
- Structure & External Features of Spinal Cord
- Tracts of the Spinal Cord
- Structure of Ear
- Structure of Eyeball
Module 6 - Anatomy of Endocrine System
- Endocrine Glands: Overview
- Structure of Pituitary Gland
- Structure of Thyroid Gland
- Structure of Adrenal Gland
- Structure of Pancreas
- Structure of Pineal Gland
Module 7 - Introduction to Physiological Systems
- Terms and Positions
- Basic Unit of Human Body - Cell and its Function
- Each System and its Function
- Homeostasis
Module 8 - Gastrointestinal System
- G.I. Tract
- Esophagus and Stomach
- Small Intestine and Large intestine
- Accessory Organs
- Salivary Glands, Liver, and Pancreas
- Ingestion, Digestion, and Absorption
- Factors Regulating Movements in the GI tract
- Common Problems Associated
- Surgeries Associated
- Common Techniques
- Products Available in the Market for Procedures
Module 9 - Urinary System (Urology and Nephrology)
- Anatomy/Structure of Kidney
- Nephron, Ureter, and Urethra
- Urine Formation
- Kidney Stone – Major problems associated
- Common Surgeries
- Urology vs Nephrology
- Products Available in the Market for the Procedure
Module 10 - Respiratory System
- Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea
- Primary Bronchi
- Lungs
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Respiratory Volume
- Measurement and Artificial Respiration
Module 11 - Cardiovascular System
- Blood vessel – Type and Structure
- Cardiac Muscle – Structure
- Action Potential
- Anatomy of Heart
- Conducting System of the Heart
- Sounds of Heart
- Blood pressure – Regulation and Measurement Technique
- Common Problems Associated
- Surgical Procedures Associated
Module 12 - Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- Organization and Structure of the Nervous System
- Neurons and Action Potential
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
- Brain
- Lobes and Cortical Areas
- Spinal cord – Introductions
- Arrangement and Plexus Formation
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Divisions and Controls
- Reflex Mechanism
- Common Problems Associated
- Surgery Techniques Associated
- Introduction to Endocrine System
- General Functions
Course 2: Medical Instrumentation and Biomedical Signals
Module 1 - Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation
- What biomedical instrumentation is
- Components of the biomedical instrumentation system
- Static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation
- Measurement accuracy
- Measurement and development of standards
Module 2 - Bioelectric Signals
- What bioelectric signals are
- How biomedical signals are generated
- Man-instrument system block diagram
Module 3 - Biomedical Transducers
- Transducer and its characteristics
- Types of transducers
- Common transducers for physiological signals
Module 4 - Different Types of Bioelectric Signals with Waveforms
- ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, ERG, PCG, PPG, EGG, Capnogram, VCG
- Biopotential electrodes and their types
- Common noise associated with biomedical signals
- Introduction to operational amplifiers (Op-amps), their characteristics, and basic configuration
Module 5 - Biopotential Amplifiers
- Biopotential amplifiers
- Signal conditioning circuits for noise processing (active filters)
- Isolation circuits
- Instrumentation amplifier ICs and analog front end ICs
Module 6 - ECG and EEG Acquisition Systems
- ECG lead configuration
- ECG machine
- Multipara monitoring system
- EEG machine
- Parameters of respiration and spirometer
Module 7 - Hemodialysis Machine
- Dialysis
- Renal system and its functions
- What dialysis is and why it is needed
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Filtration factor
- Renal clearance
- Types of renal replacement therapy
- Hemodialysis
- Working principle
- Hemodialysis machine
- Types of hemodialysis
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Artificial kidney
- Impact on healthcare and economics
Module 8 - Electric Impulse Generator
- What an electric impulse generator is
- Cardiac pacemaker
- Natural pacemaker of the heart
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Artificial pacemaker
- External and temporary pacing
- Implantable cardiac pacemaker
- Cardiac defibrillator
- Neuro-stimulator
- Non-invasive neurostimulation
- Transcranial electrical stimulation
- Invasive neurostimulation
Module 9 - Ventilator Machine and Oxygen Concentrator
- Artificial Ventilation
- What artificial ventilation is
- Types of artificial ventilation
- Ventilator machine
- Goal of mechanical ventilation
- Working principle of ventilator machine
- Modes of ventilator machine
- 10 maxims of ventilator design
- Open-source ventiators
- Oxygen concentrators
- Oxygen therapy
- How an oxygen concentrator works
- Portable oxygen concentrators
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic
- Manufacturers of oxygen concentrators
Module 10 - Heart-Lung Support Systems
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- What cardiopulmonary bypass is and when it is needed
- Applications of CPB
- Block diagram and functioning of CPB
- Components of the heart-lung machine
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- What an ECMO machine is and when it is used
- Applications of ECMO
- Types of ECMO
- Ventricular assist devices (VAD)
- What is a VAD and when is it used
- Application of VAD
- Types of VAD
- Artificial heart
Module 11 - Medical Robotics
- Medical Robots
- Surgical Robots
- Applications of Surgical Robots
- Rehabilitation Robots
- Robotic Prosthesis
- Patient-assist Robots
- Pharmacy Automation
- Disinfection Robot
- Endoscopy Robot
- Microrobots and Nanorobots
- Clinical Training Robots
Module 12 - Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Safety Guidelines, and Job Roles
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare
- What AI is
- Rise of AI in healthcare
- Common AI terms
- Clinical applications of AI
- System applications of AI
- Healthcare AI in industry
- Ethical concerns in medical research
- Regulations
- Medical device classification
- Indian standards
- FDA standards
- EU standards
- General safety and maintenance guidelines for medical devices
- Need for safety and maintenance
- Preoperation setup and calibration
- Perioperative care
- Postoperative cleaning
- Job roles in the healthcare field
Course 3: Medical Informatics
Module 1 - Introduction to Medical Informatics
- Medical Informatics: Overview
- Electronic Health Records / Hospital Information System
- Health Information Technology Standards in Medical Informatics
- Essential Concepts for Biomedical Computing and Coding Systems for Biomedical Data
- Data Analytics and Reporting
- Clinical Decision Support Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Module 2 - Application Areas of Medical Informatics
- Hospital Information System (HIS)/Electronic Health Record (EHR)
- Laboratory Information Systems (LIS)
- Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
- Radiology Information System (RIS)
- Clinical Information System (CIS)
- Device Integration
- Other Areas of Application
- Global Emerging Trends
Module 3 - Healthcare Standards and Regulations
- Quality Planning of Hospital Support System
- Quality Assurance to Patients, National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH), and Joint Commission International (JCI)
- Patient Safety Trends And Incidents Management
- Risk Management in Healthcare
- Potential Medical Error
- Mandatory Federal Regulations
- Legislations Impacting the Field of Healthcare
Module 4 - Medical Informatics Tools
- Tools used in Healthcare Information Technology (HCIT)
- Understanding Database
- Understanding HL7 Standard
- Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
- Software Development Tool
- Interfacing Technologies
- Reporting Technologies
- Admit, Discharge, and Transfer (ADT) Sample Message
- Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Server / TCP Client Collection
Module 5 - IoT - Medical technologies
- Cloud Computing and Data Analytics
- Mobile Health - Telemedicine and Patient Monitoring
- The Future of Computer Applications in Biomedicine
- Point of Care Telemedicine
- Computational Model of Physiology
Module 6 - Artificial Intelligence and its Future in Healthcare
- Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Technology
- Understanding machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, and data science
- Algorithms used in AI
- Application and Usage of AI and Data Analytics
- Technologies and Tools used for AI
- Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
- Regression Algorithms
- Decision Tree and Random Forest
Course 4: Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare
Module 1 - Introduction to IoT
- Basics of IoT and Communication Technologies
- Uses of IoT – Smart Cities, Smart Living, Smart Energy, Smart Learning, and Smart Health
- Wireless Communication Standards – ZigBee, Bluetooth, and WiFi.
- Challenges of using IoT in Healthcare
- Uses of IoT in Healthcare Systems – Patient monitoring & diagnostics, home healthcare, personal health care, and fitness
Module 2 - Wearable Health Monitoring System (WHMS)
- Basics of Wearable Health Monitoring System (WHMS)
- Need for Wearable Systems
- Applications of WHMS - Soldiers, Astronauts, SIDS, Home Healthcare, Sports/Fitness, Disaster, COVID, Haptics, and more
- Design of Wearable Computer - Introduction, Architecture, and Attributes
- Design of Smart Textiles, Wearable Electronics, Dry Electrodes, and Textile Electrodes
- Issues of WHMS & Factors Inhibiting Growth
Module 3 - IoT Architecture and Protocols
- Networking Architectures, OSI and TCP/IP
- Protocols and Standardization for IoT - M2M, RFID, SCADA, and BACNet
- Basic Client-Server Communication Model
- Network Sockets, Ports, IP and APIs
- Sensor Interfaces – ECG, EEG, PPG, Pulse Oximeter, Temperature Sensors, and Pressure Sensors
- Raspberry Pi and Python Programming
Module 4 - Wireless Body Area Network and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
- Basics of Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications
- Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
- WBAN Architecture and Topology.
- Routing Protocols and Security
- Energy Harvesting
- IoMT in Healthcare Introduction and Architecture
- Wearable IoMT
- Data Handling, Analysis, and Cloud Computing
Course 5: Product Design and Development - from A to Z
Week 1 - Introduction to Product Design
- Fundamentals of product design
- Overview of each design process and development stage
- Products that have demonstrated social impact and economic success
- Reasons behind success of products
Week 2 - Integrated Product Development
- What Integrated Product Development (IPD) methodology is
- How design, market, and production are integrated in the process
- Different phases of product design (with complexity and maturity)
Week 3 - Product Idealization and Planning
- Methods for screening and identifying new product
- How to choose the most compelling concept
- Identifying customer needs
- Key processes in the concept generation phase
- How to plan for product development
Week 4 - Systems-Based Design Approach
- Key aspects of systems engineering-based design approach
- Defining operational concepts, requirements for subsystems
- Verification and validation of software and hardware components
- Systems integration
Week 5 - Product Architecture
- Schematics of a product
- Various functions and features
- How each element influences final products
- How function and form or products are integrated
- Cost analysis of product development
- Fundamentals of product architecture (modular and integral types)
Week 6 - Industrial Design Fundamentals
- Key elements of successful industrial design
- Role of industrial designers
- Addressing key design challenges faced in
- Human interface
- Aesthetics
- Physical ergonomics
- Form and size
- Social normal
- Combination of functionality and art
Week 7 - Computer Aided Design
- Use of CAD to create 3D models
- Use of CAD to draft engineering drawings
- Use of CAD to perform finite element analysis in multi-physics domains.
- Basics of popular software used in the industry
Week 8 - Design for Reliability, Availability , Maintainability, and Safety
- Importance of design of reliability, availability, and maintainability for product design
- Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) methodology to identify product risks
- How to mitigate risks in the design and development stage
- Different types of FMEAs
Week 9 - Reverse Engineering
- Reverse engineering
- Procedures followed in reverse engineering (mechanical reverse engineering)
- Common 3D scanning techniques and the differences between them
- Basics of reverse engineering software
Week 10 - Design for Manufacture and Assembly
- Principles of design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA)
- Fundamental methodology for DFMA
- Manufacturing readiness levels (MRL)
- Evaluate manufacturing maturity for each stage
- Real-world examples of design modifications that improve manufacturing and assembly
Week 11 - Design for Environment and Sustainability
- Industrial trends of conscious product design (with focus on environmental safety and sustainability)
- Material sourcing
- Process control and management
- Product recycling stages and their impact on the environment
Week 12 - Product Prototyping
- Industrial leading prototype method
- 3D printing
- Additive manufacturing for design iterations
- Advantages of each prototyping method
- Methods of testing and validation
Week 13 - Project Management
- Project management in product design
- Product breakdown structure
- Project schedule
- Project budget
- Risk registers
- Project execution
- Performance evaluation and feedback
Week 14 - Patents and Intellectual Property
- Patent and intellectual property (IP)
- Types of IP and their use cases
- Formulate filing strategy
- Prior art investigation
- Claim drafting
- Claim refinements
- Application procedure
- Internationally protected patents
Week 15 - Trends in Product Development
- Trends and popular methods used in the product development process
- Real-world applications of the methods
- Industrial best practices for future product design
Course 6: Regulatory processes for medical devices
Module 1 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part I
- Introduction
- Preliminary
- Regulation of Medical Device
- Authorities, Officers, Bodies
- Manufacture of Medical Devices for Sale and Distribution
- Import of Medical Devices
- Labeling of Medical Devices
Module 2 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part II
- Clinical Investigation of Medical Devices and Clinical Performance Evaluation of New In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices
- Import or Manufacture a Medical Device that does not Have a Predicate Device
- Duties of Medical Device Officer, Medical Device Testing Officer, and Notified Bodies
- Registration of Laboratory for Carrying out Test or Evaluation
- Sale of Medical Devices
Module 3 - Schedules of MDR - Part 1
- First Schedule - Parameters for classification of
- Medical devices
- In Vitro diagnostic medical devices
- Second Schedule - Fee payable for license, permission, and registration certificate
- Third Schedule - Documents required for registration of Notified Body, its duties, and functions.
Module 4 - Schedules of MDR - Part 2
- Fourth Schedule
- Documents required for grant of license to manufacture for sale or for distribution or import
Module 5 - Schedule - CE marking
- Fifth Schedule
- Quality Management System for Medical Devices
- In vitro diagnostic medical devices
Module 6 - Overview of the two important Global regulations - EU MDR and US FDA
- Sixth Schedule - Post approval change
- Seventh Schedule - Requirements for permission to import or manufacture an investigational medical device for conducting a clinical investigation
- Eighth Schedule - Exemptions
Module 7 - Indian MDR,2017 vs EU regulations (MDR-2017/745 & IVDR-2017/746)
- Introduction about EU MDR-2017/745 & IVDR - 2017/746
- How Indian Medical device rules, 2017 will interlink with MDR - 2017/745 & IVDR - 2017/746
Module 8 - Other Countries Regulation which Interlinked with Indian Medical Device Rules
- WHO-PQ (Prequalification)
- US-FDA
- TGA Medical Device Regulations
Course 7: Standards, certifications, and accreditations
Module 1 - Standards-1
- Elements of Quality Infrastructure
- Basic Concept of Standards
- Types of Standards and its Benefits
- National Standards Bodies and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Standards Development Process
- Harmonization of Standards
Module 2 - Standards-2
- Applicable Standards for Medical Devices/Equipment
- Key aspects of ISO 13485
- Key aspects of other Standards like IEC 60601-1,
- ISO 16142-1 and ISO 16142-2
Module 3 - Certification-1
- Key aspects of ISO 14971 – Risk Assessment Management Systems
- Basic Concept of Conformity Assessments
- Types of Conformity Assessments
- Types of Certifications
- Product Certification
- Management System Certifications (MS)
- Personal Certification
Module 4 - Certification-2
- Difference between Certification and Inspections
- International Standards used for Conformity Assessments
- Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs)
- MS Certification Process
Module 5 - Accreditation-1
- Basic Concept of Accreditation
- Accreditation Standards
- National Accreditation Framework - India
- International Accreditation Systems
- Global Acceptance Mechanism
Module 6 - Accreditation-2
- Accreditation Process
- Emerging Structure of Quality Infrastructure
- Authentic Certification
- Regulatory Reliance on Accreditation
- Benefits of Accredited Certifications and Laboratories
Course 8: Manufacturing
Module 1 - Introduction to Manufacturing
- What is manufacturing?
- Various definitions or concepts of manufacturing- Primary and secondary manufacturing processes
- Manufacturing methods of metallic materials
- Manufacturing from the liquid state
- Manufacturing by material removal process,
- Manufacturing by material shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes
- Manufacturing methods of non-metallic materials- polymeric materials, composite materials
- Types of manufacturing defects
- Knowledge on safe disposal/recycling or re-use of manufactured products including scrap- a must to know on the concept of cremation of manufactured products
- Case studies on simulation tests for improving the robustness of manufactured products- either on existing products or conceptual innovative products
Module 2 - Manufacturing of metallic materials from Liquid State (Metal Casting Process)
- What is casting? Classification of casting processes.
- Elements of casting process patterns, moulds- permanent & expendable, cores.
- Elements of gating systems.
- Melting furnaces-classification.
- Mould making, melting, pouring, fettling and finishing
- Casting defects-causes and remedies.
Module 3 - Manufacturing of metallic materials by metal removal process
- Classification of the material removal process
- Material removal using the lathe-classifications brief concept of chip formation and their types
- Drilling, milling, and grinding processes
- Superfinishing operations- polishing, honing, and lapping
Module 4 - Manufacturing of metallic metals by shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes
- Forging
- Extrusion
- Rolling
- Drawing- Wire and tube drawing
Module 5 - Manufacturing of metallic materials by shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes & Joining Processes
- Spinning
- Concepts of welding, brazing, and soldering
- Defects-causes and remedies
Module 6 - Manufacturing methods of non-metallic materials- polymeric materials
- Polymer material classification
- Thermoplastics
- Thermosets
- Extrusion and Film Blowing.
- Sheet Thermoforming. Blow Molding. Compression Molding
- Injection Molding and Hot compression molding
Module 7 - Manufacturing methods of composite materials
- Classification of composite materials
- Manufacturing of polymer composites
- Hand lay-up, Vacuum moulding, Spray lay-up, Pultrusion, Resin transfer moulding (RTM), Filament winding
- Manufacturing of metal matrix composites
- Vapour deposition
- In-situ fabrication
- Liquid state fabrication
- Semi-solid state & Solid state method
- Manufacturing of ceramic matrix composites
Module 8 - Concepts of Joining, welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and shrink fitting
- Joining, welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and shrink fitting
- Assembling of parts to make finished or semi-finished parts
- Fabrication methods employing the joining and assembling of parts to realise the final product.
Module 9 - Concepts of non-traditional machining and 3D printing
- Non-Conventional manufacturing methods
- Additive manufacturing methods
- 3D Printing
Module 10 - Bench marking of manufacturing process
- Benching marking and its importance
- Concepts like on time delivery
- Capacity utilization
- Cycle time, change over time
- Customer returns/complaints
- Cause and effect analysis and remedial measures
Module 11 - Elements of costing in manufacturing
- Concepts of interest-types simple interest, compound interest, interest factors
- Present worth analysis, Future worth analysis
- Annual worth analysis
- Replacement analysis-contender vs defender
- Concept of depreciation, Cost analysis of product and concept of life cycle cost
Module 12 - Introduction to intellectual properties and Importance of the same in safe guarding the manufactured products
- All about patents
- Design registrations
- Copyrights
- Geographical indicators
- How to get an IP right and its maintenance or selling of the IP rights
Course 9: Core and Advanced Python Programming
Week 1 - Introduction to Python, Python Basics
- Features and uses of Python
- Program execution
- Installation of IDE
- Identifiers and keywords
- Types of comments
- Data types
- Variables
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Input and print statements
Week 2 - Strings, Decision Control Statements
- Definition of string
- Operations accessing string elements
- Relational operators
- Logical operators
- Conditional expressions
- If, If..else, If..elif
Week 3 - Repetition Statements and Console Input-Output
- Use of while and for
- Break and continue
- Pass and else statements
- Formatted input and output
Week 4 - Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionary
- Use of while and for
- Break and continue
- Pass and else statements
- Formatted input and output
Week 5 - Functions and Recursion, Functional Programming and Lambda Functions
- Defining a function
- Types of arguments
- Global and local variables
- Functions as arguments
- Implementing Lambda functions
- Map, Reduce, and Filter functions
Week 6 - File Input-Output and Modules
- Read-write operations
- With the keyword
- File opening modes
- Moving within a file
- Serialization
- File and directory operations
- Importing a module
- Variations of import
- Third-party packages
Week 7 - Classes and Objects
- Class variables
- Methods
- Operator overloading
- Reuse
- Containership
- Inheritance
Week 8 - Exception Handling, Iterators and Generators
- Iterables and iterators
- Syntax errors and exceptions for:
- try-except
- else
- finally blocks
Week 9 - Data Analysis with Pandas
- Installing Pandas
- Loading files
- CSV files
- JSON files
- Dataframes
Week 10 - Numeric and Scientific Computing using NumPy
- NumPy: Introduction
- OpenCV
- Images and NumPy Arrays
Week 11 - Graphical User Interfaces with Tkinter
- Introduction to Tkinter
- Setting up a GUI with widgets
- Connecting GUI widgets with callback functions
Week 12 - Interacting with Databases
- SQLite: Introduction
- Connecting and inserting data to SQLite via Python
- Selecting, deleting, and updating SQLite records
Course 10: Radiology
Module 1 - Introduction to Radiology
- What is Radiology?
- Usage of Medical Imaging
- Diagnostic Radiology
- Interventional Radiology
- Types of Radiation
- Ionizing
- Non-ionizing
- Penetration & Safety
- Radiographic Densities
Module 2 - X-Ray
- Introduction
- What are X-rays?
- How are X-rays made?
- Production of X-rays
- X-ray generators
- X-ray detector
- Applications of X-ray
Module 3 - Computed Tomography
- History of CT
- CT scan methodology
- Development in CT Generations
- Axial vs Spiral Scanning
- Image Reconstruction and Processing
- Simple Back Projection
- Filtered Back Projection (FBP)
- Algebraic Reconstruction
- Iterative Reconstruction
- Image Aquisition Techniques
- Scan Projection radiograph
- Axial CT Scan
- Helical CT Scan
- MultiSclice CT Scan
- Cardiac CT
- CT Fluoroscopy
- Dental CT
- Contrast-Enhanced CT
Module 4 - MRI
- Physics Behind MRI and NMR
- T1 & T2 Relaxation
- Coils used in MRI
- Instrumentation of MRI
Module 5 - MRI Sequence Imaging
- MRI Sequence Imaging
- Spin Echo
- Gradient Echo
- Diffusion-Weighted
- Functional MRI
- Perfusion Weighted
- Clinical Applications
Module 6 - Nuclear Medicine
- Basics in Nuclear Medicine
- Gamma-Ray Detectors & Cameras
- Nuclear Medicine Equipments
- PET
- SPECT
- Clinical Applications
Module 7 - Radiation Safety & Quality
- Effects of Radiation
- Classification of Radiation Damage
- Radiation dosage in X-ray and CT exams
- FDA Safety regulations for medical Imaging devices
- CT
- MRI
- Fluoroscopy
- Nuclear Medicine
- Radiation Safety
- Operational safety
- Built-in safety
Module 8 - Mammography (X-Ray)
- Health problems addressed
- Mammography Technology
- X-Ray Equipment for Mammography
- Receptors & Display Systems
- Radiation Dosage
Module 9 - Radiation Therapy for Cancer
- Introduction to Palliative Radiation Therapy
- Delivering Radiation Therapy
- External-Beam Radiation Therapy
- Internal Radiation Therapy
- Systematic Radiation Therapy
- Side Effects of Radiation Therapy
- Clinical Uses in Radiation Oncology
- Safety in Radiation Therapy
- Risk of Second Cancers from Radiation Therapy
Module 10 - Fluroscopic Image Systems
- Introduction
- Fluoroscopic Equipment
- Imaging Factors
- Fluoroscopic Designs with Applications
- Radiation Safety for Patient & Operator
Module 11 - An Introduction to DICOM and PACS
- DICOM file format
- Different DICOM viewers
- Picture Archive Communication System (PACS) Architecture
- Understanding DICOM and PACS Software
Course 11: Imaging and Optics
Module 1 - Ultrasound
- Introduction
- Basics and Fundamentals
- Advantages in the medical industry
- Overview of Applications
- Ultrasonic Transducers
- Transducer materials
- Scanning with Array Transducers
- Different Transducers and probes
- Imaging Modalities
- A mode Imaging
- B mode Imaging
- Image reconstruction Techniques
Module 2 - Ultrasound and its clinical applications
- Blood flow measurement using ultrasound
- Doppler Imaging
- Colour Doppler Imaging
- Advanced and Modern Imaging methods
- 3D ultrasound imaging
- Advanced research applications
- Clinical applications
Module 3 - Optical Imaging Techniques
- Optical Properties of Biological Tissue
- Light Interaction with Tissues
- Lasers
- Principle and Mechanism
- Laser Instrumentation
- Laser Safety and Hazards
- Laser Applications
Module 4 - LASERS in Opthalmology
- Human Eye Anatomy and Physiology
- Different types of LASER light Delivery modes
- Therapeutic uses of LASERS
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Photo Dynamic Therapy and Clinical Applications
- LASIK and clinical Applications
Module 5 - LASERS in Dermatology and Cosmetics
- Introduction to dermatology
- Interaction between LASER light and Human skin
- Types of LASERS used in Dermatology
- Nd: YAG LASER
- Alexandrite LASER
- Co2 LASER
- Different Applications of LASER
- Tattoo removal and removal of Pigmented Lesions
- Hair removal
- Ablative skin resurfacing
Module 6 - LASERS in Urology
- Introduction
- Holmium Laser
- Instrumentation
- Applications
- Thulium fibre laser
- Instrumentation
- Applications
- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Module 7 - Fiber Optics in Medicine
- Principles of light propagation through a fibre
- Different types of fibres and their properties
- Optical sources
- Optical detectors
- Fibre optic instrumentation system
- Endoscopy imaging
- Instrumentation
- flexible endoscope
- Rigid Endoscope
- capsule Endoscope
- Applications and complications
- Non-robotic minimally invasive surgery
- Laparoscopic surgery
- “Keyhole” surgery
- Clinical applications
Module 8 - Fiber optic-based Biosensors
- Optical Biosensors -Fundamentals
- Principles and Instrumentation
- Different Types
- Biosensors for physiological vitals monitoring
- Photodetector Based Biosensors
- Spectroscopy and Biomedical applications
- Surface Plasmon Resonance based Biosensors
- Low-cost biosensor development strategies and applications
Module 9 - Microscopy and clinical Applications
- Introduction to Ray Optics
- Microscope Instrumentation
- Different types of Microscopes
- DIC and Phase contrast
- Fluorescence microscopy
- Instrumentation
- Filters & fluorophores
- Microscopy Clinical Applications
- Applications in Cellular, molecular and clinical diagnostics
Module 10 - Super Resolution Microscopy and Applications
- Introduction to High Power Lasers
- Two-Photon Microscopy
- Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy
- Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy
- Photo Activated Localization Microscopy
- Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy
- Electron Microscopy
Module 11 - Optical Coherence Tomography
- Introduction
- Principle and Instrumentation
- OCT vs Ultrasound
- OCT in Ophthalmology
- OCT as a diagnostic tool for cancer
- Catheter and Endoscopic OCT imaging
Module 12 - Advanced Imaging Techniques
- Photoacoustic Imaging Systems
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Cancer Imaging
- Clinical Applications
- Laser speckle contrast Imaging Systems
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Clinical Applications
Course 12: Medical Image Processing
Module 1 - Introduction to Digital Image Processing
- Fundamental steps in image processing
- Components of Image Processing System
- Image sensing and acquisition
- Image Quality Metrics
- MTF (DQE)
- SNR
- Contrast
- SSIM (Structural Similarity Index)
- PSNR
Module 2 - Image sampling and quantization
- Mathematical tools for Image processing
- Basic Intensity Transformation
- Spatial Filtering Techniques
- Frequency domain filtering
- Fourier Transform
- Other transforms (e.g. Wavelet)
- Example of Image rotation with C++ and OpenCV plugin
Module 3 - System Decomposition
- Ultrasound
- Basics and Principle
- Image Acquisition
- Image processing
- Image Artifacts
Module 4 - System Decomposition
- X-ray
- Basics and principle
- Image acquisition
- Radiography and fluoroscopy
- Image processing
- System Decomposition
- CT (Computed tomography)
- Basics
- Image acquisition
- Image reconstruction – Basics (Radon transform).
- Image artifacts
Module 5 - System Decomposition
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Basics and principle
- Image acquisition
- Image reconstruction – Basics
- Image artifacts
Module 6 - System Decomposition
- Cathlab (Catheter Laboratory)
- Basics
- Image acquisition
- Nuclear Medicine
- Emission tomography
- SPECT
- Standards applicable for Medical Imaging modalities
- IEC
- FDA
Module 7 - Tools for Image Processing
- Python
- ITK framework – Segmentation and registration
- RTK and VTK framework (not too much detail) - (Brief) Introduction to HPC (High-Performance Computing)
- GPU, FPGA, CUDA, and OpenCL – Overview of architectures
- Image enhancement
- Contrast enhancement
- Image visualization
- Gamma correction
Module 8 - Neural Networks
- Introduction and types
- Deep Learning – Concepts and algorithms
- CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)
- Introduction to TensorFlow framework
- Image Segmentation
- NN based segmentation
- Practical examples with ITK and simple ITK framework
Module 9 - Image Registration with example (DSA) using ITK
- Statistical methods applied to image processing
- PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and applications
- Introduction to Bayesian theorem
- Application to image segmentation
- Significance tests for comparing machine learning algorithms
Module 10 - Image denoising
- Statistical methods
- Transform based denoising
- Feature extraction
- Example – Biometrics (fingerprint and retinal scan)
Module 11 - Introduction to Image Classification
- Types of classification
- Pattern classification
- Classification by prototype matching
- Bayesian classification
- Example – Classification problem using CNN and DL framework
Module 12 - Trends in Image Processing
- Artificial Intelligence and methods
- Clinical basis for AI
- Ecosystem nurturing for AI
- Example AI – X-ray diagnosis
- Data science in pathology and haematology
- Surgical robotics – Assisted navigation
- Use of AR / VR (augmented / virtual reality)
Course 13: Advanced Medical Image Processing
Module 1 - Introduction
- Graphics System
- Graphics Pipeline
- An illustrative example: Approaches
- Introduction to OpenGL
- Primitives
- Approximating a Sphere
- Attributes
- Viewing and Interaction
Module 2 - Object Transformations
- 2D and 3D Primitives
- Homogeneous Coordinates
- Frames
- Data Structures for Object Representation
- Transformations
- 3D Example Demonstration
Module 3 - Viewing
- Projection Models
- Camera Position and Normalization
- Interactive Viewer
- Parallel and Perspective Projection with OpenGL
- Need for Hidden Surface Removal
- Fly Throw
- Lighting and Shading
Module 4 - Digital Image
- Writing to buffers
- Mapping Methods
- Texture Mapping
- Reflection Mapping
- Bump Mapping
- Sampling and Aliasing
Module 5 - Hierarchical Models
- Trees and Traversal
- Stack-based Traversal
- An Example
- Scene Graph
- CSG Tress
- Quadtree and Octree
Module 6 - Medical Visualization
- Multi-planar Reformatting
- Maximum Intensity Projection
- Surface Shaded Display
- Iso-Surface Rendering
- Multi-texture Interpolation
- Shaded Iso-surfaces
Module 7 - Image Pre-Processing
- Filtering
- Resampling
- Histogram Transformation
- Noise Reduction
- Inhomogeneity Correction
- Edge Detection
- Segmentation
- Registration and Fusion
Module 8 - Surface Rendering
- Surface from Contours
- Marching Cubes
- Advanced Methods
- Unsegmented Data
- Segmented Data
- Mesh Smoothing
Module 9 - Volume Rendering
- Rendering Model
- Rendering Pipeline
- Compositing
- Ray Casting
- Volume Rendering
Module 10 - Vascular Structures
- Enhancement
- Bone Removal
- Projection Based Visualization
- Vessel Analysis
- Surface Visualization
- Vessel Visualization
Module 11 - Rendering for Medical Diagnosis
- Curvature Estimation
- Feature Lines
- Stippling
- Hatching
- Vascular Trees
Module 12 - Reformation
- Anatomical Unfolding
- Cortex Flattening
- Tubular Straightening
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