Correct Answer: Promoting direct farmer-consumer interactions

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Promoting direct farmer-consumer interactions

The mobile application, by connecting farmers directly to consumers and eliminating the need for middlemen, promotes direct interactions between farmers and consumers. This can lead to economic growth by creating more efficient and transparent markets, ensuring fair prices for farmers and providing consumers with affordable produce. The direct interaction facilitated by the app contributes to a more sustainable and inclusive agricultural ecosystem.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
 

Solution : The correct answer is b) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is accurate. Successful entrepreneurs often contribute to the economic development of the nation by creating wealth, generating employment, and fostering innovation.

Statement 2, however, is not true. The Make in India initiative primarily focuses on boosting manufacturing and promoting India as a global manufacturing hub. It is not specifically aimed at agricultural activities.

Correct Answer: agricultural sector

Solution : The correct answer is the agricultural sector.

Agriculture is the primary source of disguised unemployment in India. Agriculture employs the most people in India, accounting for more than half of the total. However, agricultural production is low, and there is an excess of labour. Because it is not creating anything, this surplus labour is disguised as jobless. Disguised unemployment occurs when more individuals are employed in a specific activity or sector than are required to generate the output successfully.

Correct Answer: The system of obtaining licenses for industrial activities

Solution : The correct answer is (a) The system of obtaining licenses for industrial activities

The 'License Raj' in India refers to the system of obtaining licenses for industrial activities. During the period of economic regulation and control in India, which lasted from the 1950s to the 1990s, the government implemented a complex system of licenses and permits for industrial activities. This system involved extensive government intervention and control over the private sector, including regulations on investment, production, pricing, and capacity expansion. The 'License Raj' created a bureaucratic and restrictive environment for businesses, leading to inefficiencies and hindering economic growth.

Correct Answer: Industrial and commercial hubs

Solution : Correct Option: Option 2
Explanation: Urban settlements are typically found in areas with industrial and commercial hubs, which provide employment and services to the urban population.

Correct Answer: Privatization of public sector enterprises

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Privatization of public sector enterprises.

Privatization of public sector enterprises is not a specific measure aimed at reducing rural poverty in India. Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership and control of public sector enterprises to the private sector. While privatization can have various economic and efficiency implications, it is not a targeted measure specifically designed to address rural poverty.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Agricultural marketing plays a crucial role in ensuring that farmers receive fair prices for their produce. It involves the process of selling and distributing agricultural products from the farmers to the consumers. The reason provided is that agricultural marketing helps in eliminating middlemen and allows direct interaction between farmers and consumers. This direct interaction can lead to better price negotiation and transparency in transactions, ensuring that farmers receive a fair value for their produce. By bypassing intermediaries, farmers can potentially earn higher profits and have more control over their pricing and market access. Therefore, the reason correctly explains why agricultural marketing helps farmers in getting fair prices for their produce.

Correct Answer: Promote apprenticeship training for skill development

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Promote apprenticeship training for skill development.

The National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) in India aims to promote the apprenticeship training system by providing financial incentives to employers who engage apprentices in their organizations. The scheme aims to enhance the employability of youth by providing them with industry-relevant skills and practical training through apprenticeships. It encourages the private sector to participate in the apprenticeship program and creates a conducive environment for skill development and on-the-job training.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that land degradation is a significant environmental challenge that hinders sustainable development. The reason provided is that land degradation reduces agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.

Land degradation refers to the deterioration of land quality, typically caused by human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable agricultural practices, and urbanization. It is a significant environmental challenge because it can lead to the loss of fertile soil, reduced water availability, increased erosion, and decreased vegetation cover. Land degradation can negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being.

The reason provided correctly explains the negative impacts of land degradation. When land is degraded, it loses its ability to support productive agricultural systems, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and food security. Land degradation also results in the loss of habitat and biodiversity, as many species depend on healthy ecosystems for their survival. Additionally, land degradation can disrupt ecosystem services such as water purification, soil fertility, and climate regulation, further impacting human societies and the environment.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.

Correct Answer: Lack of transparency in fund allocation

Solution : A major criticism of the implementation of the 'Garibi Hatao' campaign was the lack of transparency in fund allocation, leading to concerns about corruption and mismanagement of resources.