Correct Answer: Improve rural road connectivity

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Improve rural road connectivity.

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is a government scheme in India that aims to improve rural road connectivity by providing all-weather road access to eligible unconnected habitations. The program focuses on connecting remote rural areas and villages with population size above 500 in plain areas and above 250 in hilly and tribal areas

The PMGSY plays a crucial role in enhancing rural infrastructure and connectivity. By improving road access, it aims to facilitate better transportation of goods and services, improve market access for farmers, promote rural tourism, and enable easier access to healthcare and educational facilities. It contributes to overall rural development and helps in reducing poverty by providing opportunities for economic growth and social development in rural areas.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Diversification of agricultural activities does promote the use of renewable energy, and the reason for this is that it encourages the adoption of technologies like solar pumps and biogas plants for irrigation and energy needs.

Diversification of agricultural activities refers to the practice of engaging in multiple types of agricultural production or incorporating non-traditional activities alongside traditional farming. This can include activities such as horticulture, livestock rearing, agroforestry, and aquaculture.

Solar pumps utilize solar energy to power water pumps for irrigation purposes, reducing reliance on conventional electricity or fossil fuel-powered pumps. This helps in conserving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas plants utilize organic waste, such as animal manure and crop residues, to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. The biogas can be used for cooking, heating, and generating electricity on the farm, providing a renewable and sustainable source of energy.

By diversifying their agricultural activities, farmers can generate the organic waste needed for biogas production and create a self-sustaining energy system. This promotes the use of renewable energy and contributes to reducing the dependence on non-renewable energy sources.

Therefore, the assertion that diversification of agricultural activities promotes the use of renewable energy is true, and the reason that it encourages the adoption of technologies like solar pumps and biogas plants for irrigation and energy needs is the correct explanation for this assertion.

Correct Answer: are

Solution : The correct choice is the first option.

The correct verb is(are) as it is the plural form of the verb to be in the present tense, suitable for the plural subjects India, Pakistan, and Iran.

This conveys that these countries are currently considering the issue.

Therefore, the complete sentence is: India, Pakistan, and Iran are currently thinking over the locust plague threat.

Correct Answer: Offering alternative land to those displaced by development projects  
 

Solution : In the context of Development-Affected People's Movements, the term "land for land" policy refers to offering alternative land to those displaced by development projects as a form of compensation and rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: a-5, b-4, c-1, d-2

Solution : The correct answer is a-5, b-4, c-1, d-2.

• The United Nations Industrial Organisation, established in 1966 in Vienna, is a specialised agency of the UN dedicated to aiding its member nations in economic and industrial development.
• The Food and Agriculture Organisation, founded in 1945, works to evaluate nutrition levels and enhance agricultural productivity.
• The World Health Organisation, established in 1948, is focused on promoting global health and ensuring the safety of populations.
• UNESCO, founded in 1945 and headquartered in Paris, is an organisation dedicated to promoting education, science, and cultural understanding worldwide.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was launched in 1978 by the Government of India to alleviate rural poverty. The program aimed to provide financial assistance and other support to poor rural households to help them raise their income and standard of living. The IRDP primarily focused on providing employment opportunities in the agricultural sector, but it also supported other income-generating activities such as small-scale manufacturing, trading, and services.

Correct Answer: Passage of the Domestic Violence Act  
 

Solution : An achievement of the Women's Movement in India is the passage of the Domestic Violence Act, which provides legal protection to women against domestic violence.

Correct Answer: Agricultural development

Solution : The primary goal of the first Five-year Plan in India was agricultural development, focusing on increasing food production and self-sufficiency in food grains.

Correct Answer: Displacement of communities for industrial development

Solution : Conflicts over traditional property resources often arise when communities are displaced for industrial development or other projects. This displacement can lead to loss of access to resources that are vital for the livelihoods and cultural practices of the communities.

Correct Answer: Incomplete coverage of social aspects
 

Solution : A limitation of official records in studying rural history is their incomplete coverage of social aspects, as these records often focus more on economic and administrative details, leaving gaps in understanding the social fabric of rural communities.