Construction
Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Key factors influencing subway air pollution will include station depth, date of construction, type of ventilation (natural or air conditioning), types of brakes (electromagnetic or conventional brake pads) and wheels (rubber or steel) used on the trains, train frequency, and more recently, the presence or absence of platform screen-door systems.
In particular, much subway particulate matter is sourced from moving train parts such as wheels and brake pads, as well as from the steel rails and power supply materials, making the particles predominantly iron-containing.
To date, there is no clear epidemiological indication of abnormal health effects on underground workers and commuters. New York subway workers have been exposed to such air without significant observed impacts on their health, and no increased risk of lung cancer was found among subway train drivers in the Stockholm subway system.
But a note of caution is struck by the observations of scholars who found that employees working on the platforms of Stockholm underground, where PM concentrations were greatest, tended to have higher levels of risk markers for cardiovascular disease than ticket sellers and train drivers.
The dominantly ferrous particles are mixed with particles from a range of other sources, including rock ballast from the track, biological aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, and air from the outdoors, and driven through the tunnel system on turbulent air currents generated by the trains themselves and ventilation systems.
Question: What is the passage about?
Option 1: Metro life and the subway facilities.
Option 2: The benefits of subway life.
Option 3: The risky life in the subways.
Option 4: Pollution created by the railroad.
Correct Answer: The risky life in the subways.
Solution : The correct choice is the third option.
The passage discusses key factors influencing subway air pollution and raises concerns about potential health risks associated with subway life. It addresses the sources of subway particulate matter, potential health impacts on workers and commuters, and observations regarding risk markers for cardiovascular disease in employees working in certain areas of the subway system where particulate matter concentrations were highest.
Therefore, the passage is mainly about the risky life in the subways.
Question : What was a focus of Kolkata's town planning in the 19th century?
Option 1: The development of an extensive tram network
Option 2: The creation of large public parks
Option 3: The establishment of a modern sewage system
Option 4: The construction of wide boulevards
Correct Answer: The construction of wide boulevards
Solution : A focus of Kolkata's town planning in the 19th century was the construction of wide boulevards, which were designed to improve traffic flow and enhance the city's aesthetic appeal.
Question : Comprehension: Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Key factors influencing subway air pollution will include station depth, date of construction, type of ventilation (natural/air conditioning), types of brakes (electromagnetic or conventional brake pads) and wheels (rubber or steel) used on the trains, train frequency, and more recently, the presence or absence of platform screen-door systems. In particular, much subway particulate matter is sourced from moving train parts such as wheels and brake pads, as well as from the steel rails and power supply materials, making the particles dominantly iron-containing. To date, there is no clear epidemiological indication of abnormal health effects on underground workers and commuters. New York subway workers have been exposed to such air without significant observed impacts on their health, and no increased risk of lung cancer was found among subway train drivers in the Stockholm subway system. But a note of caution is struck by the observations of scholars who found that employees working on the platforms of Stockholm underground, where PM concentrations were greatest, tended to have higher levels of risk markers for cardiovascular disease than ticket sellers and train drivers. The dominantly ferrous particles are mixed with particles from a range of other sources, including rock ballast from the track, biological aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, and air from the outdoors, and driven through the tunnel system on turbulent air currents generated by the trains themselves and ventilation systems.
Question
Select the most suitable word from the passage, which means ‘not covered or hidden’.
Option 1: Turbulent
Option 2: Sourced
Option 3: Abnormal
Option 4: Exposed
Correct Answer: Exposed
Solution : The fourth option is correct.
Explanation: Exposed fits the description of something not covered or hidden. In the context of the passage, it refers to individuals being subjected to or coming into contact with subway air pollution and its components without any concealment or protection. This term directly implies being in an environment where one is susceptible to the effects of the air pollution, which aligns with the context of the passage discussing the exposure of subway workers and commuters to the subway air pollutants.
Question : Case Study: GHI Construction Company
GHI Construction Company is a well-known firm in the construction industry. They have been using traditional construction techniques but are now planning to adopt sustainable methods. Question:
To overcome the limitations of planning, GHI Construction Company can focus on:
Option 1: Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Option 2: Relying solely on top management's decisions
Option 3: Limiting employee involvement
Option 4: Adopting a reactive approach
Correct Answer: Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Flexibility allows an organization to adapt to changes, uncertainties, and unforeseen events. By designing plans that can adjust to new circumstances, GHI Construction Company can enhance its ability to respond to dynamic situations. Incorporating flexibility in the plans is the most suitable approach for GHI Construction Company to overcome the limitations of planning, especially when transitioning to sustainable construction methods. This allows the company to adjust its plans in response to changing conditions and unforeseen challenges.
Question : What was a significant outcome of Chennai's expansion during the colonial period?
Option 1: The creation of a large industrial zone
Option 2: The establishment of a major educational hub
Option 3: The development of a strong maritime trade network
Option 4: The construction of extensive public transportation systems
Correct Answer: The development of a strong maritime trade network
Solution : A significant outcome of Chennai's expansion during the colonial period was the development of a strong maritime trade network, as the city's port played a crucial role in trade and commerce.
Key factors influencing subway air pollution will include station depth, date of construction, type of ventilation (natural/air conditioning), types of brakes (electromagnetic or conventional brake pads) and wheels (rubber or steel) used on the trains, train frequency and more recently the presence or absence of platform screen-door systems. In particular, much subway particulate matter is sourced from moving train parts such as wheels and brake pads, as well as from the steel rails and power-supply materials, making the particles dominantly iron-containing. To date, there is no clear epidemiological indication of abnormal health effects on underground workers and commuters. New York subway workers have been exposed to such air without significant observed impacts on their health, and no increased risk of lung cancer was found among subway train drivers in the Stockholm subway system. But a note of caution is struck by the observations of scholars who found that employees working on the platforms of Stockholm underground, where PM concentrations were greatest, tended to have higher levels of risk markers for cardiovascular disease than ticket sellers and train drivers. The dominantly ferrous particles are mixed with particles from a range of other sources, including rock ballast from the track, biological aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, and air from the outdoors, and driven through the tunnel system on turbulent air currents generated by the trains themselves and ventilation systems.
What is the passage about?
Option 1: Metro life and the subway facilities
Option 2: The benefits of subway life
Option 3: The risky life in the subways
Option 4: Pollution created by the railroad
Correct Answer: The risky life in the subways
Solution : The correct option is the third option.
Explanation: The passage primarily discusses the potential health risks associated with subway air pollution. It highlights factors influencing subway air quality and mentions the absence of clear health effects among workers and commuters, but also raises caution regarding higher risk markers for cardiovascular disease among certain subway employees. So, the passage focuses on the risks associated with subway life rather than solely discussing the benefits, infrastructure, or general metro life, making the third option, the risky life in the subways, the most appropriate choice.
Therefore, the correct answer is, "The risky life in the subways".
Which of the following diseases is found commonly among workers in underground subways?
Option 1: Abdominal
Option 2: Cardiovascular
Option 3: Renal
Option 4: Pulmonary
Correct Answer: Cardiovascular
Solution : The correct option is the second option.
Explanation: The passage indicates that workers on the platforms of the Stockholm underground, where particulate matter concentrations were the highest, displayed higher levels of risk markers for cardiovascular disease compared to ticket sellers and train drivers. This suggests a potential association between exposure to subway air pollution and an increased risk of cardiovascular issues among subway workers.
Therefore, the correct answer is cardiovascular.
Question : Which of the following is considered a capital expense?
Option 1: Pension
Option 2: Payment of salaries
Option 3: Subsidies
Option 4: Construction of school buildings
Correct Answer: Construction of school buildings
Solution : The correct answer is the Construction of school buildings.
The money spent on purchasing, preserving, or enhancing fixed assets such as buildings, cars, machinery, land, etc is referred to as capital expenditure. Stated differently, it refers to the sum of money used to purchase or improve productive assets like real estate, buildings, cars, etc. to boost a company's capacity or efficiency over multiple accounting periods.
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