Correct Answer: on

Solution : The correct choice is the third option.

In this context, "on" is used to indicate the area where savings occurred. The farmer saved money specifically in the area of costs associated with farming, which could include things like pesticides, fertilisers, or other inputs. "On costs" suggests savings made directly on the various expenses incurred per acre.

Correct Answer: Centralization

Solution : Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management emphasize the importance of standardization, division of labor, and efficiency. These principles focus on improving productivity and efficiency by analyzing and optimizing work processes. Centralization is not a principle of scientific management, as it refers to the concentration of decision-making authority in the hands of a few individuals, which goes against the idea of empowering workers and improving efficiency through collaboration and teamwork.

Achieve complete harmony between management and workers to attain organisational goals is known as harmony not discord.

Hence, option C is correct.

Correct Answer: Unity of command

Solution : According to the principal is the subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior. If a subordinate receives orders from more than one superior he will find it extremely difficult to decide as to whom he has to obey first.

Hence, option A is correct.

Correct Answer: Science not the rule of thumb

Solution : Science not the rule of thumb is the principle of tayo, it is not one of the 14 Principles of Management identified by Henri Fayol. The other three options (Unity of command, Scalar chain, and Equity) are all principles identified by Fayol.

Hence, option B is correct.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
 

Solution : Under the offer for sale method, the new securities are first offered to an intermediary, such as an investment bank, which then sells the securities to the public.

Under the public issue method, securities are offered directly to the public for subscription. It can be used by both companies that have already issued shares as well as those that are issuing shares for the first time.

Hence, option C is correct.

Correct Answer: A manager allowing employees to take the lead in decision-making

Solution : The principle of initiative in the management process states that employees should be encouraged to take the initiative and contribute to decision-making and problem-solving processes. Option B is an example of this principle, as a manager who allows employees to take the lead in decision-making is providing them with the opportunity to exercise their initiative and contribute to the organization's success.

Hence, Option B is correct.

Correct Answer: Statement 2 is true and statement 1 is false.
 

Solution : Statement 1 is not correct. Functional foremanship is a principle of scientific management introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Statement 2 is correct. Harmony not discord is one of the principles of scientific management proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. It suggests that there should be cooperation between workers and management, and conflicts should be resolved through mutual understanding and discussion.

Option D is correct.

Correct Answer: An employee receives instructions from only one supervisor

Solution : The principle of unity of command states that each employee should receive instructions from and be accountable to only one supervisor. This helps to avoid confusion, minimize conflict, and ensure clear lines of authority within the organization. Option C is an example of this principle, as the employee receives instructions from only one supervisor, thereby minimizing the possibility of conflicting or confusing instructions from multiple supervisors.

Hence, Option D is correct.

Correct Answer: A manager providing job security to employees

Solution : The principle of stability in the management process states that employees should be given job security and stability, which helps to reduce anxiety, increase job satisfaction, and improve productivity.

Hence, Option B is correct.

Correct Answer: Both A and B
 

Solution : Following are the reasons for environmental crisis-

1. Population explosion and advent of industrial revolution
2. Extensive extraction of renewable and non-renewable resources
3. Extension of many resources
4. Affluent consumption and production standards
5. Air and water pollution due to development process
6. Global warming and ozone depletion.

Hence Option C is correct.