Correct Answer: Departmentalisation

Solution : Grouping similar and related jobs into larger units called departments, divisions or sections and placing them under a department head. It facilitates specialization. – The departments are linked together and are interdependent. Hence, the correct option is 2.

Correct Answer: Product Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Product Concept.

The Product Concept is a marketing philosophy that centers on creating high-quality products with unique features and attributes. The main emphasis is on the product itself, striving to offer features and benefits that stand out and meet or exceed customer expectations. Companies following this concept are driven by a commitment to continuous innovation and improvement to maintain a competitive advantage and deliver superior value to their customers. The primary goal is to develop and market products that customers perceive as exceptional and desirable.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is correct. The marketing concept does indeed focus on creating value for customers and building customer loyalty. It involves understanding customer needs and preferences, designing products or services that fulfill those needs, and delivering value to customers to establish and maintain long-term relationships.

Statement 2 is false. The production concept does not emphasize understanding customer preferences and needs. It centers on efficient and cost-effective production processes to mass-produce standardized products.

Correct Answer: Measurable and specific goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Measurable and specific goals

Effective planning involves setting clear, measurable, and specific goals. Measurable and specific goals provide a clear direction for the organization, facilitate decision-making, and allow for objective assessment of progress. In the context of improving production processes, having specific and measurable goals will help XYZ Manufacturing Company track success and ensure alignment with the overall organizational objectives.

Correct Answer: Effectiveness 
 

Solution : Reliance industries is effective as products gets completed on time. But it is not efficient as additional cost has been incurred to complete the target.
Hence Option A is correct.

Correct Answer: Method analysis

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Method analysis

Method analysis involves analyzing and simplifying work processes to improve efficiency and productivity. It aims to eliminate unnecessary steps, reduce complexity, and optimize the workflow to enhance overall performance.

In the context of ABC Pharmaceuticals streamlining its production process, the technique that focuses on analyzing and simplifying work processes is "method analysis." This technique aims to optimize the production process by identifying and eliminating inefficiencies and unnecessary steps, ultimately improving productivity and efficiency.

Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. Under the marketing concept, businesses do indeed focus on understanding and satisfying customer needs. It's a customer-centric approach where businesses strive to identify, anticipate, and fulfill customer needs and wants effectively.

The reason is false. The marketing concept does not disregard customer preferences and focus on mass production. Instead, it emphasizes aligning production with customer preferences, aiming to produce what the market demands rather than pushing products that customers don't need or want.

In summary, the assertion is true, but the reason provided is false as it misrepresents the focus of the marketing concept.

Correct Answer: By promoting traditional craftsmanship
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) By promoting traditional craftsmanship

Mrs. Sharma's business empowers women by promoting traditional craftsmanship and sourcing products from local artisans. This approach provides economic opportunities for women in rural areas, allowing them to showcase their skills and become financially independent. The focus on traditional craftsmanship aligns with the empowerment of women through economic participation and recognition of their talents.

Correct Answer: into

Solution : The first option is correct.

The word (into) is appropriate in this context because it indicates the direction of the discharge, implying that the contaminated effluent is released into the river and surrounding wetlands.

The use of (into) helps convey the action of releasing or discharging the effluent into a specific area.

Correct Answer: Achieving long-term innovation goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Achieving long-term innovation goals

Financial planning in the context of innovation and research involves strategic allocation of financial resources to support long-term innovation goals. This includes funding research projects, developing new products, exploring new technologies, and investing in activities that will position the company for future growth and competitiveness. The focus is on achieving sustained innovation and long-term success rather than short-term profit maximization, minimizing production costs, or meeting immediate operational expenses, although these factors are also considered within the broader financial planning strategy.