Healthcare
Question : Assertion: Pakistan has a higher infant mortality rate compared to India and China.
Reason: Greater access to healthcare facilities and awareness about proper healthcare practices contribute to high infant mortality in Pakistan.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Solution : The correct option is: c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false. The assertion is true. Pakistan does indeed have a higher infant mortality rate, which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births, compared to India and China.
However, the reason provided is false. Greater access to healthcare facilities and awareness about proper healthcare practices are more likely to contribute to lower infant mortality rates rather than higher rates. Countries with better access to healthcare services and increased awareness about proper healthcare practices tend to have lower infant mortality rates. Therefore, the reason does not provide a correct explanation for the higher infant mortality rate in Pakistan.
Therefore, the assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Question : Which health infrastructure component focuses on preventive measures?
Option 1: Primary healthcare centers
Option 2: Tertiary hospitals
Option 3: Mobile clinics
Option 4: Medical colleges
Correct Answer: Primary healthcare centers
Solution : The correct answer is (A) Primary healthcare centers
Primary healthcare centers are a key component of health infrastructure that focuses on providing primary and preventive healthcare services. These centers are often the first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare, and they play a crucial role in promoting preventive measures, health education, vaccinations, early detection of diseases, and basic healthcare services. Primary healthcare centers are typically located in local communities and serve as the primary access point for healthcare services, addressing the healthcare needs of individuals and promoting overall population health.
Question : The term "e-waste" refers to:
Option 1: Waste generated by electronic devices
Option 2: Waste generated by industrial processes
Option 3: Waste generated by healthcare facilities
Option 4: Waste generated by construction activities
Correct Answer: Waste generated by electronic devices
Solution : The correct answer is (A) Waste generated by electronic devices.
The term "e-waste" refers to electronic waste, which includes discarded or obsolete electronic devices. These devices can include computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, televisions, printers, refrigerators, and other electrical or electronic equipment. E-waste may also include components and parts of these devices.
E-waste is a growing concern due to the rapid advancement of technology, leading to shorter product lifecycles and increased electronic consumption. Improper disposal of e-waste can have harmful environmental and health impacts. Many electronic devices contain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and flame retardants, which can contaminate soil, water, and air if not managed properly.
Proper management of e-waste involves recycling and responsible disposal to recover valuable materials and prevent environmental pollution. Recycling e-waste allows for the recovery of valuable metals and other components, reducing the need for raw material extraction and minimizing the environmental impact of electronic devices.
Question : Statement 1: India has a higher average life expectancy compared to Pakistan.
Statement 2: Improved healthcare infrastructure and access to medical facilities have contributed to higher life expectancy in India.
Option 1: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Option 2: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Option 3: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
Option 4: Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Statement 1 is true. India indeed has a higher average life expectancy compared to Pakistan. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, India's average life expectancy was around 69 years, while Pakistan's was around 67 years, according to World Bank data.
Statement 2 is also true. Improved healthcare infrastructure and access to medical facilities have contributed to higher life expectancy in India. Over the years, India has made significant progress in improving its healthcare system, including the expansion of medical facilities, advancements in healthcare technologies, and increased access to healthcare services. These improvements have positively impacted life expectancy in the country.
Therefore, Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Question : Case Study: MNO Healthcare Solutions (Continued)
In the planning process for expansion, what should MNO Healthcare Solutions do after identifying various courses of action?
Option 1: Evaluating alternative courses of action
Option 2: Identifying potential risks
Option 3: Setting objectives and goals
Option 4: Allocating resources
Correct Answer: Evaluating alternative courses of action
Solution : The correct answer is (a). Evaluating alternative courses of action
This involves assessing the feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and potential outcomes associated with each course of action. By conducting a comprehensive evaluation, the company can make an informed decision on the most suitable and effective approach for its expansion. This step is crucial for ensuring that the chosen expansion strategy aligns with the company's objectives and maximizes the chances of success.
Question : Case Study: MNO Healthcare Solutions
MNO Healthcare Solutions is a healthcare startup that aims to provide affordable medical services to underserved areas. The company is in the early stages of development and is looking for ways to expand its reach.
Question:
The step MNO Healthcare Solutions needs to take to identify potential challenges and opportunities in their expansion is:
Option 1: Evaluating alternatives
Option 2: Setting objectives and goals
Option 3: Identifying potential risks
Correct Answer: Identifying potential risks
Solution : The correct answer is (c). Identifying potential risks
Identifying potential risks is a crucial step in assessing the challenges and opportunities associated with an expansion. This involves conducting a risk analysis to understand the factors that could impact the success of the expansion. This step allows MNO Healthcare Solutions to proactively address potential challenges and capitalize on opportunities by developing strategies to mitigate risks.
Evaluating alternative courses of action is often a crucial step, but not necessarily the immediate next one. Depending on the complexity of the expansion plan and the level of detail already explored in the identified courses of action. Evaluating alternative courses of action, if they have well-defined objectives and sufficient information to proceed.
This evaluation involves assessing the feasibility, benefits, risks, and potential outcomes associated with each option. Through this process, the organization can make an informed decision on which course of action aligns best with its goals and objectives. Subsequently, after evaluating alternatives, the organization can move on to setting clear objectives and goals, identifying potential risks, and allocating resources based on the selected course of action.
Question : Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. There (1)_____ progress over the last decades: More girls are going to school, fewer girls are forced into early marriage, more women are serving in parliament and positions of leadership, and laws are being reformed to (2)_____ gender equality. Despite these gains, many challenges remain: discriminatory laws and social norms remain (3)_____, women continue to be underrepresented at all levels of political leadership, and 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15 and 49 report experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within 12 months. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could reverse the limited progress that has been made on gender equality and women's rights. The coronavirus outbreak (4)_____ existing inequalities for women and girls across every sphere - from health and the economy to security and social protection. Women play a disproportionate role in responding to the virus, including as frontline healthcare workers and carers at home. Women's unpaid care work has increased significantly as a result of school closures and the increased needs of older people. Women are also harder hit by the economic (5)_____ of COVID-19, as they disproportionately work in insecure labour markets. Nearly 60 percent of women work in the informal economy, which puts them at greater risk of falling into poverty.
Question: Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number 1.
Option 1: are
Option 2: has been
Option 3: is
Option 4: were
Correct Answer: has been
Solution : The correct choice is the second option.
The sentence talks about how progress has been ongoing for some decades, making the present perfect continuous tense the appropriate choice.
Therefore, the complete sentence is: "There has been progress over the last decades."
Question : Case Study 8: Entrepreneurial Innovation
Rohan, a young entrepreneur, noticed the difficulty faced by elderly citizens in his neighborhood while accessing healthcare facilities. He developed a mobile app that connects senior citizens to healthcare professionals who provide home care services, ensuring convenience and quality care for the elderly.
How did Rohan's entrepreneurial innovation address the needs of elderly citizens?
Option 1: By developing video games for entertainment
Option 2: By providing home care services through a mobile app
Option 3: By selling traditional healthcare products
Option 4: By organizing healthcare conferences
Correct Answer: By providing home care services through a mobile app
Solution : The correct answer is (b) By providing home care services through a mobile app
Rohan developed a mobile app that connects senior citizens to healthcare professionals who provide home care services. This innovation ensures convenience and quality care for the elderly, allowing them to access healthcare services in the comfort of their homes.
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