Correct Answer: The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
 

Solution : In global environmental debates, India often emphasizes the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, which recognizes that while all countries are responsible for addressing environmental issues, developed countries should take a larger share of the burden due to their historical contributions to pollution.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is responsible for formulating and implementing the foreign trade policy of India. The ministry plays a crucial role in shaping the country's trade and commerce activities, both domestically and internationally.

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in collaboration with various departments and agencies, develops the FTP after considering inputs from stakeholders, industry associations, and trade experts. The policy is periodically revised to align with changing global trade dynamics, economic priorities, and the overall development goals of the country.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that commercial energy sources play a crucial role in driving industrial and economic growth, which is correct. Commercial energy sources, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, are extensively used in various industries for electricity generation, manufacturing processes, transportation, and other energy-intensive activities. These energy sources provide a consistent and reliable energy supply, which is vital for powering industrial operations and driving economic growth. Industries rely on commercial energy sources to fuel their machinery, equipment, and production processes, enabling them to operate efficiently and meet the demands of a growing economy.

The reason provided states that commercial energy sources provide a consistent and reliable energy supply for industrial operations, and this is the correct explanation of the assertion. Industries require a stable and uninterrupted energy supply to maintain their production processes and meet the energy demands associated with industrial activities. Commercial energy sources, such as fossil fuels, are known for their high energy density, which makes them suitable for powering industrial machinery and equipment consistently over extended periods. The reliable and continuous supply of energy from commercial sources ensures that industries can operate smoothly and contribute to economic growth.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for why commercial energy sources play a crucial role in driving industrial and economic growth.

Correct Answer: 3

Solution : The correct answer is 3.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India classified industries into three categories:

1. Schedule A: Industries exclusively under the control of the state.
2. Schedule B: Industries in which the state would take up the responsibility of development but could later be entrusted to private enterprise.
3. Schedule C: Industries where private enterprise was encouraged.

Correct Answer: Stagnation in economic development

Solution : The immediate consequence of the suspension of Five-year Plans in India was stagnation in economic development, as the planning process was integral to the country's development strategy.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true.
   

Solution : The correct option is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the goal of creating a socialist pattern of society in India. It advocated for a mixed economy where the state played a significant role in regulating and controlling key industries.

Statement 2 is also true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 did indeed focus on the regulation and control of private industries. It aimed to promote state control over key industries and regulate private sector participation in the economy.

Therefore, both statements are true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to create a socialist pattern of society in India and focused on the regulation and control of private industries.

Correct Answer: Greater awareness and action on environmental issues  
 

Solution : An impact of Environmental Movements in India is greater awareness and action on environmental issues, leading to initiatives and policies aimed at preserving the environment.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India aimed to create a socialist pattern of society. It emphasized the promotion of public-sector industries and reduced the dominance of the private sector. The policy aimed to achieve a balanced and planned development of industries with the active participation of the state, aiming for a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources.

The reason is also true. The emphasis on promoting public-sector industries and reducing private-sector dominance was a means to create a socialist pattern of society. By encouraging the public sector, the policy aimed to ensure that industries would be directed towards the broader welfare of society rather than solely driven by profit motives. This approach aligned with the goals of socialism, which aims for collective ownership and control of resources.

Therefore, the reason provided is the correct explanation for the assertion. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to create a socialist pattern of society by promoting public-sector industries and reducing private-sector dominance.

Correct Answer: Northern Malabar region

Solution : The correct answer is the Northern Malabar region.

The Mumbai-Pune cluster, the Bangalore-Tamil Nadu area, the Hugli region, the Gujarat region, the Chota Nagpur industrial belt, the Visakhapatnam-Guntur belt, the Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region, and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster are a few of India's industrial regions. India's key industrial regions do not include the northern Malabar region.

Correct Answer: Protests against land acquisition for industrial projects  

Solution : A common form of resistance against globalization in India is protests against land acquisition for industrial projects, which are often seen as a threat to local livelihoods and environments.