Question : Assertion: Ecosystem restoration is vital for sustainable development as it helps to revive degraded ecosystems and enhance their capacity to provide essential services.

Reason: Degraded ecosystems are less resilient and less capable of supporting biodiversity and providing ecosystem services.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Option 4: Assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question : Assertion: Forest conservation is essential for maintaining ecological balance and supporting sustainable development.

Reason: Forests provide numerous ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, water regulation, and biodiversity conservation.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Option 4: Assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question : Statement 1: The conservation of biodiversity is essential for sustainable development as it provides various ecosystem services, including pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.

Statement 2: Biodiversity loss can disrupt ecosystem functioning, reduce ecosystem resilience, and have negative impacts on human well-being.

Option 1: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 2: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 3: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Option 4: Statement 1 is false, but statement 2 is true.

Question : Statement 1: The sustainable management of forests is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and providing livelihoods for local communities.

Statement 2: Deforestation and forest degradation result in the loss of habitat, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced ecosystem services.

Option 1: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 2: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 3: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Option 4: Statement 1 is false, but statement 2 is true.

Question : Comprehension:
Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing, or wildlife photography, to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing, and a source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places, where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks, can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever-increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, the development of new drugs and treatments is largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species, not discoveries made through traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the variety of living beings within an ecosystem or on our planet. It is a measurement of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also plays a part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species, whereas polar areas support fewer species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of humans. Based on the passage above, choose the correct option for the following questions:

Question:
Biodiversity is _____.

Option 1: associated with humans for numerous reasons

Option 2: rich in species

Option 3: inevitable for the survival of men

Option 4: a different variety of living beings within an ecosystem