Question : Assertion: Ecosystem restoration is vital for sustainable development as it helps to revive degraded ecosystems and enhance their capacity to provide essential services.

Reason: Degraded ecosystems are less resilient and less capable of supporting biodiversity and providing ecosystem services.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Option 4: Assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question : Assertion: Biodiversity conservation is essential for sustainable development as it ensures the stability and resilience of ecosystems.

Reason: Biodiversity loss can disrupt ecosystem functions, negatively impacting human well-being and the environment.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Option 4: Assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Question : Statement 1: The conservation of biodiversity is essential for sustainable development as it provides various ecosystem services, including pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.

Statement 2: Biodiversity loss can disrupt ecosystem functioning, reduce ecosystem resilience, and have negative impacts on human well-being.

Option 1: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 2: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 3: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Option 4: Statement 1 is false, but statement 2 is true.

Question : Statement 1: The sustainable management of forests is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and providing livelihoods for local communities.

Statement 2: Deforestation and forest degradation result in the loss of habitat, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced ecosystem services.

Option 1: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 2: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true, but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .

Option 3: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Option 4: Statement 1 is false, but statement 2 is true.

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Amazon rainforest is an awe-inspiring natural wonder that (1)____ across several South American countries, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. Covering an (2)_____ area of 5.5 million square kilometres, it is the largest tropical rainforest on Earth. The Amazon jungle is (3)______ for its remarkable biodiversity, harbouring an astonishing array of plant and animal species that are still being discovered and studied. The dense vegetation of the jungle creates a (4)______ and complex ecosystem, supporting countless species and providing crucial ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and climate regulation. It is also home to (5)_______ communities that have thrived within its rich confines for centuries, preserving their traditions and deep connection to the land.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number 2.

Option 1: gauged

Option 2: rated

Option 3: estimated

Option 4: evaluated