Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. Access to clean water and sanitation is a fundamental human right and plays a crucial role in poverty alleviation. Without proper access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, individuals and communities face numerous challenges in improving their living conditions and breaking the cycle of poverty.

The reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. When people lack access to clean water and sanitation, they are at a higher risk of waterborne diseases and other health issues. This leads to increased healthcare expenses, as individuals need to seek medical treatment for preventable illnesses. Moreover, the loss of productivity occurs as people, particularly women and children, spend significant time and effort collecting water or dealing with the consequences of poor sanitation, which diverts them from engaging in more productive activities such as education or income-generating work.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Lack of access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities not only poses health risks but also imposes financial burdens and hampers productivity, all of which hinder poverty alleviation efforts.