Hello, 

There is no such direct exam that can land you directly into research work. You need to have core knowledge about that field before perusing research.

But yes you can score good marks in 12th class and apply for iiser, kvpy, iisc, also you complete your graduation from IITs and show your interst in research field.

Hope this helped. 

Good luck! 

Hey,
You are still in 12th and there is a sea of opportunities awaiting you once you are done with your intemediates. See, to be able to get into the field of research,you need to first ace your graduation. You can go for Engineering or Medical related fields. You can go for B.Sc in Physics,Chemical,Biogy,Life Sciences,Avionics and many more. Once you complete your graduation,you can go for postgraduation and subsequently,for PhD and research work. But,first off,be sure of your calling. Go for the subject that interests you the most.
Hope this helps.
Good luck.