Correct Answer: Performance appraisal

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Performance appraisal.

The process of evaluating employee performance against predetermined standards is known as performance appraisal. Performance appraisal involves assessing an employee's job performance, productivity, skills, competencies, and overall contributions to the organization. It typically includes setting performance goals and expectations, gathering feedback and evidence of performance, conducting performance reviews or assessments, and providing feedback to employees on their strengths, areas for improvement, and potential development opportunities. Performance appraisal is a crucial component of performance management and is used to make decisions regarding rewards, promotions, training needs, and career development plans for employees.