Correct Answer: Time and motion study

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Time and motion study.

Scientific management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, focuses on the systematic analysis and optimization of work processes to improve efficiency and productivity. One of the key techniques used in scientific management is the time and motion study. This technique involves analyzing and studying the movements and time required to perform specific tasks. By breaking down tasks into smaller elements and measuring the time taken for each element, managers can identify inefficiencies, eliminate unnecessary movements, and develop more efficient work methods. The time and motion study aims to streamline work processes and optimize productivity by identifying the most effective ways to perform tasks.