Correct Answer: State

Solution : The correct option is State

Taxes on agricultural income are specified in the State List of the Indian Constitution's Seventh Schedule. It means that the authority to create laws and levy taxes on agricultural income is in the hands of state governments. The State List highlights subjects over which only state governments have legislative authority. Agricultural revenue is now free from income tax at the national level in India. This list includes topics such as police, public health, education and municipal government.

Correct Answer: Poverty alleviation

Solution : After the suspension of the planning process, the Sixth Five-year Plan in India focused on poverty alleviation, aiming to improve the living standards of the country's poorest citizens.

Correct Answer: A shift towards market-oriented production

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: The evolution from feudalism to commercialized agriculture during the 16th and 17 th centuries resulted in a shift towards market-oriented production, where farmers began to grow cash crops for sale in markets rather than solely for subsistence.

Correct Answer: Greater awareness and action on environmental issues  
 

Solution : An impact of Environmental Movements in India is greater awareness and action on environmental issues, leading to initiatives and policies aimed at preserving the environment.

Correct Answer: Urban sprawl  
    

Solution : Urban sprawl is associated with population change in urban areas, as cities expand into surrounding regions to accommodate growing populations.

Correct Answer: The dissolution of the Bihar state government

Solution : The Bihar movement, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, called for the dissolution of the Bihar state government due to corruption and mismanagement.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The Green Revolution in India did lead to a significant increase in agricultural production, supporting the assertion. The introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, such as dwarf wheat and rice, along with the adoption of modern farming techniques, including the use of fertilizers and irrigation, resulted in higher crop yields. This led to a substantial increase in agricultural production, helping to address food shortages and improve food security in the country.

The reason provided correctly explains the assertion. The adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and modern farming techniques played a crucial role in increasing crop productivity and overall agricultural production. These advancements allowed farmers to obtain higher yields from their land and contribute to the overall increase in agricultural output during the Green Revolution.

Therefore, the correct answer is that both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

The NHM was launched by the Government of India to promote holistic growth in the horticulture sector and enhance the productivity, quality, and profitability of horticultural crops. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare plays a key role in formulating policies, providing financial support, and coordinating the implementation of various horticulture-related programs and initiatives.

The NHM aims to strengthen the horticulture value chain by addressing production constraints, supporting infrastructure development, promoting post-harvest management and value addition, and facilitating market access for horticultural produce. It also focuses on capacity building, research and development, and technology dissemination to enhance the skills and knowledge of farmers and stakeholders in the horticulture sector.

While the National Horticulture Board (NHB), Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) are also involved in various aspects of horticulture development, the primary responsibility for implementing the NHM lies with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Correct Answer: Only A

Solution : A: Currently, the livestock industry offers over 70 million small and marginal farmers as well as landless laborers alternative means of subsistence.
B: For the local population to meet their fundamental needs and lead a socially and economically productive existence, rural areas require infrastructure assets such as rural roads, rails, bridges, irrigation systems, water supply, schools, health centers, and markets.
Hence option a is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: Adaptation of traditional agricultural methods
 

Solution : Francis Buchanan-Hamilton's observations on rural society highlighted the adaptation of traditional agricultural methods, providing insights into how rural communities continued to employ age-old farming techniques amidst changing circumstances.