Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Diversification of agricultural activities does enhance income stability for farmers, and the reason for this is that it allows farmers to tap into multiple markets and diversify their sources of revenue.

When farmers engage in diversified agricultural activities, such as growing different crops, raising multiple types of livestock, or incorporating non-farm activities like agro-tourism or value-added processing, they are able to distribute their income across different sources. This helps reduce their dependence on a single crop or product, thereby reducing the risks associated with market fluctuations or crop failures.

By diversifying their agricultural activities, farmers can tap into multiple markets, catering to different consumer demands and preferences. This allows them to take advantage of various price cycles and market opportunities. Additionally, diversification can provide a buffer against income variability, as the revenue from one activity may compensate for losses or lower returns in another.

Diversification also helps in managing risks associated with climatic variations, pests, and diseases. For example, if one crop is affected by a disease outbreak, farmers with diversified activities may have other crops or livestock that can offset the losses.

Overall, by diversifying their agricultural activities and tapping into multiple markets, farmers can enhance income stability and reduce their vulnerability to market and production risks.

Therefore, the assertion that diversification of agricultural activities enhances income stability for farmers is true, and the reason that it allows farmers to tap into multiple markets and diversify their sources of revenue is the correct explanation for this assertion.

Correct Answer: Low productivity
 

Solution : The problem of low productivity is being highlighted here which involves lack of knowledge and low productivity.
Hence Option C is correct.

Correct Answer: Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Solution : A major environmental concern associated with the Green Revolution in India was the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which led to soil degradation, water pollution, and negative impacts on biodiversity.

Correct Answer: Decreased labor force for agriculture

Solution : Rural-urban migration leads to a decreased labor force for agriculture in rural areas as people move to cities in search of better opportunities.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 states that India, Pakistan, and China have experienced a decline in the agricultural sector's contribution to GDP, which is true. These countries have undergone a structural transformation where the share of agriculture in GDP has decreased over time.

Statement 2 provides an explanation for the decline in the agricultural sector's contribution by stating that the shift from agriculture to industry and services has resulted in a reduced share of agriculture in these countries' GDP. This shift is a common pattern observed during the process of economic development.

Therefore, both statements are true and are consistent with each other.

Correct Answer: High level of educational attainment

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: A defining characteristic of the middle class in Indian society is a high level of educational attainment, which often correlates with white-collar employment.

Correct Answer: Achieving gender equality and women's rights  

Solution : The main goal of the Women's Movement in India is to achieve gender equality and women's rights, focusing on issues such as education, employment, and legal rights.

Correct Answer: Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK).

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is an institution in India that provides training and education to farmers on modern agricultural practices. KVKs are agricultural extension centers established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to bridge the gap between scientists and farmers. They serve as knowledge and resource centers for disseminating agricultural technologies and providing training and education to farmers, rural youth, and other stakeholders.

KVKs conduct various capacity-building programs and demonstrations to promote the adoption of improved agricultural practices, crop diversification, integrated pest management, soil health management, water conservation techniques, and other sustainable farming methods. They also provide technical guidance, organize field days, farmer-scientist interactions, and disseminate information through publications and workshops.

KVKs play a crucial role in enhancing the knowledge and skills of farmers, empowering them to make informed decisions and adopt modern agricultural practices. They contribute to the overall agricultural development and rural empowerment in India.

Correct Answer: Punjab

Solution : Correct Option: 2
Explanation: Punjab was known for its rich agricultural lands and was significantly affected by the partition of India. The partition led to mass migrations, violence, and upheaval in the region.

Correct Answer: Changes in lifestyle and employment

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3

Explanation: The transition from rural to urban living is often accompanied by changes in lifestyle and employment, as people adapt to urban environments and seek jobs in sectors other than agriculture.