Correct Answer: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.

Statement 1: Agricultural marketing involves the selling of agricultural products. This statement is true. Agricultural marketing refers to the various activities involved in promoting, selling, and distributing agricultural products from farmers to consumers or other intermediaries. It encompasses processes such as packaging, branding, transportation, and selling of agricultural goods.

Statement 2: Agricultural marketing helps farmers reach a wider customer base. This statement is also true. Through effective marketing strategies and channels, farmers can expand their reach and access a wider customer base. Marketing activities such as advertising, promotion, and distribution help farmers connect with consumers in different locations, leading to increased sales and market opportunities.

Both statements are true and align with the concept of agricultural marketing. 

Correct Answer: Its capacity to attack.

Solution : The fourth option is the correct choice.

The passage indicates that the Black Drongo is famous for its aggressive behaviour towards much larger birds, such as crows. When larger birds, including birds of prey, attempt to violate their territory, the Black Drongo exhibits an aggressive response by dive-bombing them.

The term "dive-bomb" suggests a swift and direct attack from above, indicating the bird's capacity to attack and defend its territory.

Correct Answer: Prolonged civil war  

Solution : A major impact of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka was a prolonged civil war, which severely hindered the country's development and led to significant loss of life and resources.

Correct Answer: Agricultural runoff

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Agricultural runoff

Non-point source pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies, soil, or air from diffuse sources that cannot be traced back to a single, identifiable source. It occurs when pollutants, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and sediment, are carried by runoff from agricultural fields and other areas without a specific discharge point. This runoff can enter rivers, lakes, and groundwater, causing pollution and ecological damage. In contrast, options a) Industrial discharge, b) Sewage treatment plant effluent, and c) Oil spill from a tanker are examples of point source pollution where pollution can be traced back to specific discharge points.

Correct Answer: Religious diversity

Solution : Correct Option: 2

Explanation: The significant impact of the partition on Bengal was primarily due to its religious diversity. Bengal was divided into West Bengal (India) and East Bengal (later East Pakistan, now Bangladesh), leading to mass migrations and communal violence.

Correct Answer: invaded

Solution : The correct choice is the first option.

The sentence describes a past event (the invasion of the locust swarm) that happened on a specific date (April 11). The correct verb form to indicate a completed action in the past is the simple past tense. Therefore, invaded is the appropriate choice.

The other options ("invade", "is invading", "was invading") are in present tense or continuous tense forms, which are not suitable for describing an event that has already happened and finished in the past.

Correct Answer: Safeguard tribal culture and autonomy

Solution : A key objective of tribal movements in India is to safeguard tribal culture and autonomy, protecting their rights, lands, and traditional ways of life from external influences and exploitation.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that non-commercial energy sources, such as firewood and agricultural waste, are primarily used for cooking and heating in rural areas, which is correct. In many rural areas, especially in developing regions, non-commercial energy sources are commonly used for cooking and heating purposes. This is often due to limited access to commercial energy sources, such as electricity or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Firewood and agricultural waste, such as crop residues or animal dung, are readily available and affordable options for rural households to meet their cooking and heating needs.

The reason provided states that non-commercial energy sources are locally available and easily accessible in rural regions, and this is the correct explanation of the assertion. Non-commercial energy sources like firewood and agricultural waste are often locally available in rural areas. They can be easily obtained from the surrounding environment or through agricultural activities. These sources require minimal or no monetary cost, making them accessible to rural communities that may have limited financial resources.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for why non-commercial energy sources are primarily used for cooking and heating in rural areas.

Correct Answer: Environment

Solution : The correct option is Environment.

It is an award instituted to increase environmental awareness. Each year, one local environmental activist from each of the world's six geographical regions—Africa, Asia, Europe, Islands and Island Nations, North America, and South and Central America—receives the Goldman Environmental Prize.

Correct Answer: Vehicular emissions

Solution : The primary cause of air pollution in urban areas is (A) Vehicular emissions

In urban areas, the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, is a major source of air pollution. The emissions from vehicle exhausts contain various pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants contribute to the deterioration of air quality and can have adverse effects on human health and the environment.

While industrial emissions and agricultural activities can also contribute to air pollution, especially in specific areas or regions, vehicular emissions are typically the primary cause of air pollution in densely populated urban areas. The large number of vehicles, combined with traffic congestion and inadequate emission control measures, can result in high levels of air pollution, particularly near roadways and in urban centers.

Efforts to reduce air pollution in urban areas often focus on implementing stricter vehicle emission standards, promoting public transportation, encouraging the use of electric vehicles, and improving urban planning to reduce traffic congestion and promote sustainable mobility options.