Correct Answer: Inadequate urban infrastructure and services

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: A common challenge faced by urban areas in India due to rapid urbanization is inadequate urban infrastructure and services, leading to issues such as congestion, pollution, and inadequate housing.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. The agricultural reforms during 1951-1991 in India did aim to promote cooperative farming as one of the strategies to improve agricultural productivity and rural development. The reforms encouraged collective ownership and pooling of resources among farmers through the formation of cooperatives and cooperative farming societies.

The reason is also true and provides the correct explanation for the assertion. Cooperative farming facilitates resource sharing, joint decision-making, and collective action, which can lead to better utilization of land, water, machinery, and other agricultural inputs. It promotes efficiency, economies of scale, and improved bargaining power for farmers.

Therefore, the correct answer is both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Correct Answer: Common agricultural policy

Solution : The Common Agricultural Policy is a key policy area of the European Union, aimed at supporting farmers, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Correct Answer: Compassion and non-violence  

Solution : A common theme depicted in the sculptures at Sanchi Stupa is compassion and non-violence, reflecting Buddhist values.

Correct Answer: Improve agricultural productivity through technology transfer
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Improve agricultural productivity through technology transfer.

The NMAET is a government initiative in India that focuses on strengthening agricultural extension services and technology transfer to enhance agricultural productivity, sustainability, and income of farmers. The mission recognizes the importance of efficient agricultural extension services in disseminating knowledge, information, and technical assistance to farmers.

Under the NMAET, various activities are carried out to improve agricultural extension services, including training and capacity building of extension personnel, promoting participatory approaches, establishing information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, organizing demonstrations and field days, and facilitating farmers' access to new technologies and best practices.

The mission also emphasizes the adoption of modern agricultural practices, farm mechanization, efficient water management techniques, crop diversification, and post-harvest management to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Correct Answer: Agricultural activities

Solution : Correct Option: 3
Explanation: The irrigation facilities in Vijayanagar were primarily developed to support agricultural activities, ensuring a consistent water supply for farming in the region.

Correct Answer: Transport

Solution : The correct option is Transport.

The Prime Minister Gati Shakti scheme, launched by the Government of India, focuses on holistic infrastructure development, integrating various sectors such as transportation, energy, water, and digital connectivity. It aims to enhance efficiency, reduce logistics costs, and promote sustainable development by fostering seamless connectivity and synergy among different infrastructure components, thereby boosting economic growth and improving the quality of life for citizens.

Correct Answer: The extent of trade networks with other regions

Solution : The analysis of a major Harappan site can reveal the extent of trade networks with other regions, as evidenced by the presence of foreign goods, materials, and possibly inscriptions or seals indicating trade relationships.

Correct Answer: They functioned as military garrisons  

Solution : The primary function of cantonments in colonial India was to serve as military garrisons, providing housing and facilities for British and Indian troops.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
 

Solution : The correct answer is b) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is accurate. Successful entrepreneurs often contribute to the economic development of the nation by creating wealth, generating employment, and fostering innovation.

Statement 2, however, is not true. The Make in India initiative primarily focuses on boosting manufacturing and promoting India as a global manufacturing hub. It is not specifically aimed at agricultural activities.