Correct Answer: Marketing Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Marketing Concept.

The Marketing Concept is a customer-centric approach that centers on understanding and fulfilling customer needs and wants effectively. It involves delivering superior value to customers to achieve customer satisfaction and build strong, long-term customer relationships. The ultimate goal is to meet customer needs and achieve business objectives by creating value and satisfying customers through a customer-oriented approach. This philosophy emphasizes understanding customers and delivering value to them as the key to success.

Correct Answer: Unity of command
 

Solution : Unity of command is being violated here. It involves each subordinate should receive orders from only one superior. The subordinate is accountable to his single Boss only.
Hence Option B is correct.

Correct Answer: Selling Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Selling Concept.

The Selling Concept is a marketing philosophy that centers on aggressive sales and promotional efforts to convince customers to purchase a company's products or services. The belief behind this concept is that customers won't buy enough unless a significant sales and promotional push is applied to stimulate demand and drive sales. The primary goal is to sell what the company produces, often with less consideration for customer needs or value, hence the emphasis on aggressive selling and promotional efforts.

Correct Answer: Product Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Product Concept.

The Product Concept is a marketing philosophy that centers on creating high-quality products with distinctive features, attributes, and benefits. The primary emphasis is on the product itself, striving to offer features and benefits that differentiate the product from competitors and meet or exceed customer expectations. The goal is to provide a product that customers perceive as exceptional and desirable, positioning it as the best choice in the market.

Correct Answer: Selling Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Selling Concept.

The Selling Concept is a marketing philosophy that centers on aggressive sales and promotional efforts to convince customers to purchase a company's products or services. The belief behind this concept is that customers won't buy enough unless a significant sales and promotional push is applied to stimulate demand and drive sales. The primary goal is to sell what the company produces, often with less consideration for customer needs or value, hence the emphasis on aggressive selling and promotional efforts.

Correct Answer: Production Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Production Concept.

The Production Concept is a marketing philosophy that emphasizes producing high-quality products at the lowest possible cost and making them widely available. The primary goal is to achieve production efficiency, streamline operations, and reduce production costs to ensure that products are affordable and readily available to customers. This approach assumes that customers will favor products that are easily accessible and affordable, placing the emphasis on the production and distribution aspects of the business.

Correct Answer: All of the above

Solution : Following are the steps of organising process:
1. Identifying and dividing the work into manageable activities,
2. Departmentalisation/Departmentation,
3. Assignment of duties to job positions, and
4. Establishing reporting relationships.
Hence, the correct option is 4.

Correct Answer: 1.5

Solution : The correct answer is 1.5.

In the union budget 2018–19, the Government of India fixed the minimum support price of crops at a level of at least 1.5 times the all-India weighted average cost of production, aiming for reasonably fair remuneration for the farmers.

Correct Answer: End of the Indo-Pak war over Kashmir.

Solution : The correct answer is the End of the Indo-Pak war over the Kashmir.

The Simla Agreement gave India and Pakistan realistic expectations for their economic ties. It was a peace accord that was signed following the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Along with this, the two nations' private trade was resumed, and the railway connections were repaired.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that the adoption of cleaner production technologies promotes sustainable development by reducing pollution and resource consumption. The reason provided is that cleaner production technologies minimize waste generation and optimize resource efficiency in industrial processes.

Cleaner production technologies refer to practices, techniques, and technologies that aim to minimize the environmental impact of industrial processes by reducing pollution and optimizing resource use. By adopting cleaner production technologies, industries can reduce their negative environmental footprint and contribute to sustainable development.

The reason provided correctly explains how cleaner production technologies contribute to sustainable development. These technologies focus on minimizing waste generation, including the reduction of hazardous substances, and optimizing resource efficiency in industrial processes. By doing so, they help to reduce pollution by minimizing emissions, waste, and the release of harmful substances into the environment. Additionally, cleaner production technologies promote resource conservation by using materials more efficiently, recycling or reusing waste materials, and adopting sustainable practices throughout the production chain.

The reason provided supports the assertion that the adoption of cleaner production technologies promotes sustainable development by reducing pollution and resource consumption. Cleaner production technologies align with the principles of sustainable development by addressing environmental concerns and promoting more efficient and responsible industrial practices. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.