Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative

The principle of "Initiative" in management encourages employees to take ownership, make decisions, and propose innovative solutions in their work. It involves empowering employees to act independently, show creativity, and contribute proactively to the organization's goals. ABC Hospitality's belief in empowering its employees to make decisions and take ownership aligns with the principle of initiative, fostering a culture of self-driven actions and proactive contributions within the company.

Correct Answer: Ownership without dilution
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ownership without dilution

Equity shares represent ownership in the company, allowing shareholders to have a stake in the business without the obligation of fixed dividend payments. By issuing equity shares, LMN Ventures can raise capital and fund its operations without taking on debt. Additionally, it does not have the obligation to make fixed interest or dividend payments, providing greater financial flexibility. However, it's important to note that issuing equity shares may dilute the ownership stake of existing shareholders, but it does not involve a fixed payment obligation as with debt instruments like debentures.

Correct Answer: Ownership without dilution
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ownership without dilution

Equity shares represent ownership in the company, allowing shareholders to have a stake in the business without the obligation of fixed dividend payments. By issuing equity shares, LMN Ventures can raise capital and fund its operations without taking on debt. Additionally, it does not have the obligation to make fixed interest or dividend payments, providing greater financial flexibility. However, it's important to note that issuing equity shares may dilute the ownership stake of existing shareholders, but it does not involve a fixed payment obligation as with debt instruments like debentures.

Correct Answer: The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. In a command economy, economic decisions are primarily made by a central authority or government, which exercises significant control over resource allocation, production, and distribution. Central planning is used to determine production levels, set prices, and allocate resources according to predetermined targets and goals.

However, the reason provided, is false. In a command economy, individual decision-making is typically limited, and private ownership of businesses is heavily restricted or absent altogether. The government exercises control over major industries and resources, and economic activities are coordinated and directed by central planning authorities.

Therefore, the correct answer is assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Correct Answer: Both statements 1 and 2 are true.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true.

Statement 1 is true. Equity shareholders have ownership rights in the company. They hold shares that represent ownership stakes in the company and have voting power, allowing them to participate in company decisions and influence important matters through voting on various issues.

Statement 2 is true. Equity shareholders may or may not receive dividends, depending on the company's dividend policy and financial performance. Dividends are a distribution of a portion of a company's earnings to its shareholders, but they are not guaranteed and are subject to the company's profitability, cash flow, and decisions of the board of directors.

Correct Answer: Democratic participation and collective management by the community
   

Solution : The governance of common property resources involves democratic participation and collective management by the community, ensuring that decisions are made inclusively and sustainably.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative

Initiative involves encouraging employees to take proactive steps, show enthusiasm, and propose new ideas or improvements in their work. By empowering employees to make decisions and take ownership, ABC Hospitality is applying the principle of initiative.

In summary, ABC Hospitality empowering its employees to make decisions and take ownership of their work aligns with the principle of "initiative," as it encourages proactive behavior, creativity, and a sense of ownership among the workforce.

Correct Answer: Ownership without dilution
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ownership without dilution

Equity shares represent ownership in the company, allowing shareholders to have a stake in the business without the obligation of fixed dividend payments. By issuing equity shares, UVW Industries can raise capital and fund its operations without taking on debt. Additionally, it does not have the obligation to make fixed interest or dividend payments, providing greater financial flexibility. However, it's important to note that issuing equity shares may dilute the ownership stake of existing shareholders, but it does not involve a fixed payment obligation as with debt instruments like debentures.

See as per the Rules of the EWS, its given that the family at its entire spectra don't have the land greater than the given specifics. So as your grand father is included in your family, then it may influence your eligibility.

It would be better for you to contact a lawyer  and get it discussed. They will give you a more detailed legal overview and it will help you to understand your eligibility. So my opinnion will be that you should consult a lawyer.

The eligibility for the EWS certificate are:

• The annual income of the family of candidate should not exceed 8lakh per annum.
• The family should not hold 5 or more than 5 acres of land.
• The family shouldn't have a residential area more than 1000 sq feet.

I hope this answer helps. All the very best for your future endeavors!