LPUNEST Exam 2025: Registration, Slot Booking, Date, Syllabus, Question Paper, Cutoff

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Sets, relations, and functions: Sets and their representation; union, intersection, and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; power set; relation, types of relations, equivalence relations; functions
• Sets, relations, and functions: One-one, into, and onto functions, composition of functions
• Complex numbers and quadratic equations: Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers
• Complex numbers and quadratic equations: Modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number, triangle inequality, quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions
• Complex numbers and quadratic equations: Relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots
• Sequences and series: Arithmetic and geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers. Relation between A.M. and G.M. sum upto n terms of special series: Geometric progression

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices and determinants: Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three, adjoint, transpose, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices, properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants
• Matrices and determinants: Area of triangles using determinants. Evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations
• Matrices and determinants: Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices
• Vector algebra: Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product
• Mathematical reasoning: Statements, logical operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if. Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Permutations and combinations: Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as selection, meaning of P (n, r) and C (n, r), simple applications
• Mathematical induction: Principle of mathematical Induction and its simple applications
• Binomial theorem and its simple applications: Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of binomial coefficients and simple applications

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Limit, continuity, and differentiability: Real valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions
• Limit, continuity, and differentiability: Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions
• Limit, continuity, and differentiability: Derivatives of order upto two. Rolle's and Lagrange's mean value theorems. Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic increasing and decreasing functions
• Limit, continuity, and differentiability: Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normals
• Integral calculus: Integral as an anti derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities
• Integral calculus: Integral as limit of a sum. Fundamental theorem of calculus. Properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form
• Integral calculus: Differential equations-ordinary differential equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential equations. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables
• Integral calculus: Solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type: dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x)

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Coordinate geometry: Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes
• Straight lines: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines
• Straight lines: Coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines
• Circles, conic sections: Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given
• Circles, conic sections: Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent. Sections of cones
• Circles, conic sections: Equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y=mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency
• Three dimensional geometry: Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation
• Three dimensional geometry: Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Statistics and probability: Measures of dispersion-calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data
• Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and binomial distribution

Mathematics: Unit 07

• Trigonometry: Trigonometrical Identities and equations, trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometric function: Definition, domain, range, elementary properties of inverse trignometric functions, heights and distances

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Some basic concepts in chemistry: Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. units
• Some basic concepts in chemistry: Dimensional analysis; laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; chemical equations and stoichiometry
• States of matter: Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states
• Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation; kinetic theory of gases
• Gaseous state: Concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation, liquefaction of gases, critical constants
• Liquid State: Properties of liquids-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only)
• Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids
• Solid State: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties
• Atomic structure: Discovery of sub-atomic particles (electron, proton, and neutron), Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom
• Atomic structure: Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates, derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; dual nature of matter, De-Broglie's relationship
• Atomic structure: Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions
• Atomic structure: Variation of Ψ and Ψ2 , with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number
• Atomic structure: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals
• Chemical bonding and molecular structure: Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy
• Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules
• Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; resonance
• Molecular orbital theory: Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order
• Molecular orbital theory: Bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications
• Chemical thermodynamics: Fundamentals of thermodynamics-system and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes
• First law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition
• First law of thermodynamics: Hydration, ionization and solution
• Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes; ∆S of the universe and ∆G of the system as criteria for spontaneity, ∆G0 (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Solutions: Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law-ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition
• Solutions: Plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure
• Solutions: Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance
• Equilibrium: Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium
• Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes
• Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of ∆G and ∆Go in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature
• Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle
• Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants
• Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions
• Redox reactions and electrochemistry: Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction
• Redox reactions and electrochemistry: Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications
• Electrochemical cells: Electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement
• Electrochemical cells: Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change; dry cell and lead accumulator; fuel cells; corrosion and its prevention
• Chemical kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units
• Chemical kinetics: Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation
• Chemical kinetics: Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)
• Surface chemistry: Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids-Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions. Catalysis-homogeneous and heterogeneous
• Surface chemistry: Activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism
• Colloidal state: Distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles)
• Colloidal state: Preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristic

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Classification of elements and periodicity in properties: Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy
• Classification of elements and periodicity in properties: Electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
• General principles and processes of isolation of metals: Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores
• General principles and processes of isolation of metals: Steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe
• General principles and processes of isolation of metals: Thermodynamics and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals
• Hydrogen: Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide
• Hydrogen: Classification of hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial, hydrogen as a fuel
• s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group
• s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) Group-1 and 2 elements: Diagonal relationships. Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate
• s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) Group-1 and 2 elements: Industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca

Chemistry: Unit 04

• p-block elements: Group-13 to Group-18 elements-general Introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group
• p-block elements: Group-13 to Group-18 elements-Groupwise study of the p-block elements
• p-block elements: Group-13-preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron tri- fluoride, aluminium chloride and alums
• p-block elements: Group-14-tendency for catenation; structure, properties, and uses of allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites and silicones
• p-block elements: Group-15-properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl₃, PCl₅)
• p-block elements: Group-15-structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus
• p-block elements: Group-16-preparation, properties, structures, and uses of dioxygen and ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparations, properties, structures, and uses of sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation)
• p-block elements: Group-16-structures of oxoacids of sulphur
• p-block elements: Group-17-preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
• p-block elements: Group-18-occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon
• d-and f-block elements: Transition elements-general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states
• d-and f-block elements: Transition elements-general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• d-and f-block elements: Transition elements-preparation, properties, and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄
• Inner transition elements: Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states
• Coordination compounds: Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Coordination compounds: Bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and in biological systems)
• Environmental chemistry: Environmental pollution-atmospheric, water, and soil
• Tropospheric pollutants: Gaseous pollutants-oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain; particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist
• Tropospheric pollutants: Gaseous pollutants-their sources, harmful effects and prevention
• Stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects. Water pollution-major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention
• Stratospheric pollution: Soil pollution-major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention. Strategies to control environmental pollution

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Purification and characterization of organic compounds: Purification-crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications
• Qualitative analysis: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only): Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis
• Some basic principles of organic chemistry: Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p)
• Some basic principles of organic chemistry: Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C -, - C ≡ C - and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series; isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism
• Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC) covalent bond fission: Homolytic and heterolytic-free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Hydrocarbons: Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement
• Alkanes: Conformations-Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenations of alkanes
• Alkenes: Geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis, oxidation and polymerization
• Alkynes: Acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons: Nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenations, nitration, Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene
• Organic compounds containing halogens: General methods of preparation, properties and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; environmental effects of chloroform and iodoform, freons and DDT

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Organic compounds containing oxygen: General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenations, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Ethers: Structure
• Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent
• Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it
• Organic compounds containing nitrogen: General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character
• Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry
• Polymers: General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization
• Polymers: Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite
• Biomolecules: General introduction and importance of biomolecules
• Carbohydrates: Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose) and polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
• Proteins: Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes
• Vitamins: Classification and functions
• Nucleic acids: Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids
• Chemistry in everyday life: Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids antihistamines-their meaning and common example
• Chemicals in food: Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples
• Cleansing agents: Soaps and detergents, cleansing action
• Practical chemistry: Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following-inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, pnitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform
• Practical chemistry: Chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises-acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs. KMnO₄, Mohr's salt vs. KMnO₄
• Practical chemistry: Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis-cations- Pb²+ , Cu²+, AI³+, Fe³+, Zn²+, Ni²+, Ca²+, Ba²+, Mg²+, NH⁴+. Anions- CO₃²¯, S²¯-, SO₄²¯, NO₂¯, NO₃¯, CI¯, Br¯, I¯, (insoluble salts excluded)

Biology: Unit 01

• Practical chemistry: Enthalpy of solution of CuSO₄. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base

Biology: Unit 02

• What is living?, biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoos, herbaria, botanical gardens
• Five kingdom classification: Salient features and classification of monera; protista and fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses and viroids
• Five kingdom classification: Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms; angiosperms-classification up to class, characteristic features and examples
• Five kingdom classification: Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level
• Structural organisation in animals and plants: Morphology and modifications; tissues; anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence-cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and see, animal tissues
• Structural organisation in animals and plants: Morphology, anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach)
• Cell structure and function: Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles-structure and function
• Cell structure and function: Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function)
• Cell structure and function: Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action
• Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance

Biology: Unit 03

• Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations-imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis
• Transport in plants: Long distance transport of water-absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration-opening and closing of stomata
• Transport in plants: Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis; diffusion of gases
• Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis: Cyclic and non cyclic and photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis
• Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations-number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient
• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; plant growth and development: Seed germination; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation
• Plant growth and development: Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism

Biology: Unit 04

• Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; caloric value of proteins
• Digestion and absorption: Carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea
• Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes
• Breathing and respiration: Disorders related to respiration-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders
• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation
• Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor
• Excretory products and their elimination: ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders; uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney
• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement-ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints
• Locomotion and movement: Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout
• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sense organs
• Neural control and coordination: Elementary structure and function of eye and ear
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action; role of hormones as messengers and regulators
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (common disorders e.g. dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre, exopthalmicgoiter, diabetes, Addison's disease)

Biology: Unit 05

• Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation
• Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; lactation
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT
• Genetics and evolution: Heredity and variation-Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
• Genetics and evolution: Chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia
• Genetics and evolution: Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing
• Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence; Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 06

• Health and disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; adolescence, drug, and alcohol abuse
• Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers
• Biotechnology and its applications: Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 07

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries
• Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warning; ozone depletion; deforestation
• Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues

English: Unit 01

• Parts of speech-noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, verb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; tenses-present, past, and future tense in active and passive form; modal verbs-can, could, may, might, should, will, would

English: Unit 02

• Vocabulary-antonyms, synonyms, one word substitution, word analogies, idioms and phrases

English: Unit 03

• Sentence correction and error finding exercises

English: Unit 04

• Closed and open paragraphs, identifying key ideas or theme

LL.B.-Quantitative and logical aptitude: Unit 01

• Real numbers; average; percentage; ratio; time, speed, and distance; time and work

LL.B.-Quantitative and logical aptitude: Unit 02

• Pattern identification, logical links and rectifying illogical arguments, syllogisms, logical sequences, analogies, etc

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 01

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 02

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 03

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 04

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 05

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 06

• Historical background, features, preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, emergency and special provisions of the Indian constitutions, Indian parliament, supreme court of India
• Distribution of power between centre and the state, president and vice-president of India, prime minister

LL.B.-Legal reasoning: Unit 07

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 01

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 02

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 03

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 04

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 05

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 06

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 07

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 08

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 09

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 10

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 11

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 12

LL.B.-General awareness: Unit 13

LL.M.-English: Unit 01

• Parts of speech-noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, verb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; tenses-present, past, and future tense in active and passive form; modal verbs-can, could, may, might, should, will, would

LL.M.-English: Unit 02

• Vocabulary-antonyms, synonyms, one word substitution, word analogies, idioms and phrases

LL.M.-English: Unit 03

• Sentence correction and error finding exercises

LL.M.-English: Unit 04

• Closed and open paragraphs, identifying key ideas or theme

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 01

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 02

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 03

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 04

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 05

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 06

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 07

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 08

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 09

LL.M.-Constitutional law: Unit 10

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 01

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 02

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 03

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 04

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 05

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 06

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 07

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 08

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 09

LL.M.-Jurisprudence: Unit 10

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 01

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 02

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 03

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 04

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 05

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 06

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 07

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 08

LL.M.-Other law subjects: Unit 09

General awareness: Unit 01

General awareness: Unit 02

General awareness: Unit 03

General awareness: Unit 04

General awareness: Unit 05

General awareness: Unit 06

General awareness: Unit 07

General awareness: Unit 08

General awareness: Unit 09

General awareness: Unit 10

General awareness: Unit 11

General awareness: Unit 12

General awareness: Unit 13

General awareness: Unit 14

Design thinking: Unit 01

• Natural and geometrical form, 2D and 3D visualisation, transformation and/ or manipulation of 2D shapes and 3D objects, spatial relationships between different 2D or 3D shapes, Knowledge of practical and everyday mechanical and scientific concepts
• Use of measurements, scale and proportions, foreshortening and perspective

Design thinking: Unit 02

• Design awareness, creative thinking, elements and principles of design, detecting concealed properties in ordinary things, people, situations, and events and thinking critically about them
• Discerning subtle differences in visual properties and aesthetic outcomes

Design thinking: Unit 03

• Story pictures, motifs, discerning patterns within qualitative or quantitative information, weighing opinions, arguments or solutions against appropriate criteria, use of logic and structured thinking from the passage

Design thinking: Unit 04

• Analysis and usage of visual analogies and metaphors, imagination and doodling, analysis and usage of signs and symbols, generate alternatives, evaluate options and select solutions for a given problem

Design thinking: Unit 05

• Understanding light and shade, colour terminology, mood, theme and colour inter-relationship, colour psychology, colour, pattern and texture, optical illusion, usage of colour in compositions

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 01

• Real numbers; average; percentage; ratio; time, speed and distance; time and work

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 01

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 02

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 03

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 04

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 05

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 06

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 07

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 08

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 09

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 10

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 11

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 12

Reasoning and logical ability: Unit 13

Service aptitude: Unit 01

Service aptitude: Unit 02

Service aptitude: Unit 03

Service aptitude: Unit 04

Service aptitude: Unit 05

Service aptitude: Unit 06

Service aptitude: Unit 07

Service aptitude: Unit 08

Service aptitude: Unit 09

Service aptitude: Unit 10

Service aptitude: Unit 11

Service aptitude: Unit 12

Service aptitude: Unit 13

Service aptitude: Unit 14

Service aptitude: Unit 15

Service aptitude: Unit 16

Service aptitude: Unit 17

General awareness: Unit 01

General awareness: Unit 02

General awareness: Unit 03

General awareness: Unit 04

General awareness: Unit 05

General awareness: Unit 06

General awareness: Unit 07

General awareness: Unit 08

General awareness: Unit 09

General awareness: Unit 10

General awareness: Unit 11

General awareness: Unit 12

General awareness: Unit 13

General awareness: Unit 14

General awareness: Unit 15

General awareness: Unit 01

General awareness: Unit 02

General awareness: Unit 03

General awareness: Unit 04

General awareness: Unit 05

General awareness: Unit 06

General awareness: Unit 07

General awareness: Unit 08

General awareness: Unit 09

General awareness: Unit 10

General awareness: Unit 11

General awareness: Unit 12

General awareness: Unit 13

General awareness: Unit 14