Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. The service sector has been a significant driver of India's economic growth and contributes a substantial portion of the country's GDP.

The reason provided, stating that India has witnessed significant growth in sectors such as IT, telecommunications, banking, tourism, and healthcare, is also true. These sectors are part of the service sector and have experienced notable growth in India. The expansion of these industries has contributed to the increased share of the service sector in India's GDP.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Correct Answer: Inflexibility in adapting to changes

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Inflexibility in adapting to changes

Inflexibility in adapting to changes is One of the limitations of planning is that the business environment is dynamic, and unexpected changes can occur. If the plan is too rigid and lacks flexibility, the organization may struggle to adapt to new circumstances. In summary, the limitation DEF Healthcare Solutions may face during expansion is the potential inflexibility in adapting to changes. Being too rigid in the implementation of the expansion plan could hinder the organization's ability to respond to unforeseen challenges or opportunities in the external environment.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true.
   

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 accurately highlights that women's health issues in India are often influenced by socio-cultural factors and a lack of awareness. Socio-cultural norms, gender roles, and traditional practices can impact women's access to healthcare services and their overall health outcomes.

Statement 2 is also true as it correctly identifies the factors that affect the health and well-being of women in India. Gender bias, limited access to healthcare facilities, and discriminatory practices can contribute to disparities in women's health, including inadequate prenatal care, high maternal mortality rates, and limited awareness and treatment of specific women's health issues.

Therefore, both statements are true as they address the socio-cultural and systemic factors that impact women's health in India.

Correct Answer: Access to family planning services
   

Solution : The correct answer is (A) access to family planning services.

Access to family planning services plays a crucial role in reducing maternal mortality. Family planning allows women to space out their pregnancies and choose the number of children they want to have, which can significantly reduce the health risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth. By providing access to contraception and family planning education, women can make informed decisions about their reproductive health, leading to better maternal health outcomes.

Family planning services also contribute to reducing maternal mortality by allowing women to delay their first pregnancy until they are physically and emotionally ready, which reduces the risk of complications in younger girls. Additionally, access to contraception helps prevent unintended pregnancies, which are more likely to result in unsafe abortions or pregnancies with inadequate prenatal care.

Correct Answer: Lack of healthcare professionals

Solution : The correct answer is (D) lack of healthcare professionals.

One of the major challenges faced by the health infrastructure in India is the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and other medical staff. This shortage is especially prominent in rural areas where the doctor-patient ratio is significantly low. The limited availability of healthcare professionals poses a barrier to providing timely and quality healthcare services to the population. It leads to increased workload and burnout among the existing healthcare workforce, compromised patient care, and reduced access to healthcare, particularly for underserved communities. Addressing the shortage of healthcare professionals through measures such as increased recruitment, retention strategies, improving training and education, and creating incentives for healthcare professionals to work in rural areas are essential to strengthen the health infrastructure in India.

Correct Answer: Inflexibility in adapting to changes

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Inflexibility in adapting to changes

Inflexibility in adapting to changes is a common limitation of planning. If a plan is too rigid and does not allow for adjustments based on evolving circumstances or unexpected challenges, it can hinder the organization's ability to navigate successfully through the expansion process.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. Access to clean water and sanitation is a fundamental human right and plays a crucial role in poverty alleviation. Without proper access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, individuals and communities face numerous challenges in improving their living conditions and breaking the cycle of poverty.

The reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. When people lack access to clean water and sanitation, they are at a higher risk of waterborne diseases and other health issues. This leads to increased healthcare expenses, as individuals need to seek medical treatment for preventable illnesses. Moreover, the loss of productivity occurs as people, particularly women and children, spend significant time and effort collecting water or dealing with the consequences of poor sanitation, which diverts them from engaging in more productive activities such as education or income-generating work.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Lack of access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities not only poses health risks but also imposes financial burdens and hampers productivity, all of which hinder poverty alleviation efforts.

Correct Answer: Adequate infrastructure in rural areas

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Adequate infrastructure in rural areas

In India, rural-urban migration is primarily driven by several factors, including the lack of employment opportunities in rural areas, better education facilities in urban areas, and limited access to healthcare services in rural areas. These factors create a pull towards urban areas, where individuals perceive better prospects for employment, education, and healthcare.

However, the factor mentioned in adequate infrastructure in rural areas - is not typically considered a cause of rural-urban migration. In fact, inadequate infrastructure in terms of roads, transportation, electricity, water supply, and other basic amenities is often cited as one of the challenges faced by rural areas, leading to migration in search of better living conditions and access to infrastructure in urban areas.

Correct Answer: Selecting an alternative
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a). Selecting an alternative

Once MNO Healthcare Solutions has assessed and evaluated different courses of action for expansion, the next logical step is to select the most suitable alternative. Selecting an alternative involves making a decision on which option aligns best with the organization's objectives and goals. After selecting the alternative, MNO Healthcare Solutions can then proceed with developing premises, setting specific objectives and goals, and allocating resources as part of the detailed planning process for implementing the chosen course of action.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is true.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 is true. When individuals and communities lack access to adequate healthcare facilities, it can have a significant impact on their overall well-being and economic situation. Without proper healthcare, individuals may suffer from preventable illnesses and conditions that can lead to decreased productivity, increased healthcare expenses, and loss of income. Inadequate healthcare can limit individuals' ability to work, earn a stable income, and escape the cycle of poverty.

Statement 2 is also true. In many countries, healthcare expenses, especially those not covered by insurance or public healthcare systems, can impose a heavy financial burden on individuals and families. High out-of-pocket medical costs can quickly deplete savings, force individuals to sell assets, or accumulate debts, pushing them below the poverty line. Medical emergencies and chronic illnesses can be particularly financially devastating for households without sufficient healthcare coverage or financial protection.

Therefore, both statements are true, as lack of access to healthcare facilities can contribute to poverty, and high medical expenses can lead to impoverishment for individuals and families.