Question : Comprehension: Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in 'The Republic' (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music, and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence are not distributed genetically and thus can be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit, and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates' emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he explicitly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
Question: Which of these statements is NOT true?
Option 1: Socrates encouraged the listeners to come up with original ideas.
Option 2: The Republic was written around 360 A.D.
Option 3: Socrates considered music and physical education as important aspects of learning.
Option 4: Plato's methods of education can be called 'extreme'.
Correct Answer: The Republic was written around 360 A.D.
Solution : The second option is the correct choice.
The statement the Republic was written around 360 A.D. is not true.
Explanation: The Republic, Plato's most important work on philosophy and political theory, was written around 360 B.C., not 360 A.D. The use of B.C. (Before Christ) and A.D. (Anno Domini) helps specify the historical period. Plato lived in ancient Greece, and his influential work was composed in the 4th century B.C., making the correct time reference.
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Question: Which of these methods is NOT advocated in 'The Republic'?
Option 1: Differentiating children based on castes
Option 2: Imparting similar education to all children
Option 3: Bringing up children under state guardianship
Option 4: Keeping children away from mothers
Question: Aristotle believed that virtuous citizens could be produced by cultivating:
Option 1: art and music
Option 2: mathematics and science
Option 3: theoretical aspects of education
Option 4: habit and reason
Question: Children who are imparted the highest education would be responsible for:
Option 1: developing talent and skills
Option 2: inculcating good habits
Option 3: guarding the city
Option 4: teaching the illiterate
Question: What tool does Aristotle advocate to teachers to develop good habits in students?
Option 1: Writing
Option 2: Reading
Option 3: Questioning
Option 4: Repetition
Question : Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Music has great qualities of healing a person emotionally and mentally. Music is a form of (1)____ While composing or listening to music, one tends to forget all his worries, sorrows, and pains. But, in order to (2)_____ good music, we need to cultivate our musical taste. It can be cited that in the Dwapar Yug, the Gopis would get. (3) ____with the music that flowed from Lord Krishna's flute. They would. (4)____ themselves to HIm. Also, the research has proved that the plants which listen to music grow at a faster rate in (5) ____ to the others.
Question: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank No. 1.
Option 1: Flair
Option 2: Imperial
Option 3: Momentous
Option 4: Meditation
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