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Question :  Read the following text and answer the questions.

The world is becoming global rapidly. The national boundaries have become less significant with the interlinked effects of technology, information flows, and investment mobility. Human knowledge, particularly in the sphere of science and technology, is now growing at a pace that was indeed unthinkable even two decades ago.
The comparative advantage of a nation will be more and more influenced by its capacity to generate, absorb, adapt, and assimilate new technologies into the production process. If liberalization and globalization are not to create islands of prosperity surrounded by vast sea destitution, there has to be a firm commitment to human resource development and to the continuous upgrading of human skills and capabilities in the fast-changing world that we live in. The Indian policymakers are fully committed to building a society that is technologically sophisticated, economically progressive, and socially just, and humane.

The impact of globalization on education is now being felt in India. Indian entrepreneurs are also now investing in education. In the process of privatization of higher education in India, many good institutions have come up and have met the increasing demand for higher education mainly in the area of engineering, business administration, and medical education. But this process has also led to the mushroom growth of low-quality institutions without proper infrastructure, However, the expansion of higher education in India has resulted in increasing access to higher education even in rural areas of the country. In this process, Human Resource Development is taking place at a faster speed as compared to the earlier stage when the opportunities for higher education were limited. Globalization has promoted information technology in India. Indian students have excelled in the area of information technology over many other countries. Development taking place in the developed countries become available to Indian students, scholars, and practitioners through regular contacts and modern technology.

Question:
Choose the antonym of 'promote'.
 

Option 1: upgrade
 

Option 2: obstruct
 

Option 3: cherish
 

Option 4: bane